Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces

Five basic classes of polymer surfaces and interfaces can be distinguished  

A symmetric polymer interface, where two more or less identical polymers are in contact with each other. Important factors include chain interdiffusion, healing, and fracture (3). 

An asymmetric polymer interface, involving two different polymers. These constitute the ordinary polymer blends and related materials of 

Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, by L.H. Sperling ISBN 0-471-70606-X Copyright 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

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H. Yu, in Physics of Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces, I. Sanchez ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992, Chapter 12. 

W.R. Salaneck, S. Slafslrom, J.L. Bredas, Conjugated Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996. 

In the analysis of polymer surfaces and interfaces there has been tremendous progress in recent years. This is to a large extent due to the development of surface- and interface-sensitive analytical techniques which previously had not been applied to polymers. It is thus possible to achieve molecular resolution both for the free polymer surface and for buried interfaces between polymers. In addition, suitable sample preparation techniques are available and extremely homogeneous and smooth polymer thin films can be prepared. They may be put together to investigate the interface between polymers. 

Feast WJ, Munro HS (eds) (1987) Polymer surfaces and interfaces, J Wiley, Chichester... 

J. Birgerson, M. Fahlman, P. Brom, and W.R. Salneck, Conjugated polymer surfaces and interfaces a mini-review and some new results, Synth. Met., 80 125-130, 1996. 

T. Kugler, M. Logdlun, and W.R. Saneck, Photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical modeling applied to polymer surfaces and interfaces in light-emitting devices, Acc. Chem. Res., 32 225-234, 1999. 

Minko, S., Grafting on Solid Surfaces Grafting to and Grafting from Methods, in Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces, M. Stamm, Editor. 2008, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, p. 215-234. 

I.C. Sanchez (ed.), Physics of polymer surfaces and interfaces, Butterworth-Heine-mann, Boston, 1992. 

Salaneck WR, Staftstrom S, Bredas J-L (1996) Conjugated polymer surfaces and interfaces. Electronic and chemical structure of interfaces for polymer light emitting devices. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge... 

Urban MW (1996) Attenuated Total reflectance spectroscopy of polymers polymer surfaces and interfaces series. ACS, Washington DC... 

P.F. Luckham, Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces , W. J-Feast and H.S. Munro, John Wiley and Sons Ltd (1987)... 

Theory and experimental methods. Since the combined experimental-theoretical approach is stressed, both the underlying theoretical and experimental aspects receive considerable attention in chapters 2 and 3. Computational methods are presented in order to introduce the nomenclature, discuss the input into the models, and the other approximations used. Thereafter, a brief survey of possible surface science experimental techniques is provided, with a critical view towards the application of these techniques to studies of conjugated polymer surfaces and interfaces. Next, some of the relevant details of the most common, and singly most useful, measurement employed in the studies of polymer surfaces and interfaces, photoelectron spectroscopy, are pointed out, to provide the reader with a familiarity of certain concepts used in data interpretation in the Examples chapter (chapter 7). Finally, the use of the output of the computational modelling in interpreting experimental electronic and chemical structural data, the combined experimental-theoretical approach, is illustrated. 

The nature of organic molecular solid surfaces and interfaces with metals. This is a summary containing a digest of the results of the investigations, where our view of polymer surfaces and interfaces , in the context of polymer-based LEDs, is summarized in a direct way. Sub-divisions include polymer surfaces polymer-on-metal interfaces and polymer-polymer interfaces. Different (ideal) models of the interfaces are outlined. 

In the chapter on device motivation to the study of polymer surfaces and interfaces, a diagram similar to Fig. 8.3 appears. At first glance, there is an apparent discrepancy between the UPS model of Fig. 8.2 (bottom), and LED mode 2>26, in Fig. 8.3. If a second metal, with workfunction less than that of the metal shown in Fig. 8.2, is used as the counter electrode on the polymer film in the UPS model, assuming the direct alignment of the various energy band edges, the level must move, such that Ajt = 0 throughout the sandwich, upon... 

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