Alignment directed

Fig. 10. Aligning—magnetising modes where represents aligning direction and (---------) the neutral sones. (a) Segment, radially aligned, diametrically...

Figure 4 An ECL probe that does not require the use of a dark box. (A) Bottom view of the top piece. Shown are the patterns of channels leading to the fiberoptic bundle and the location of the stirring rod with respect to the fiberoptic bundle. (B) A detailed view of the probe. The working electrode is aligned directly under the fiberoptic bundle, and both the reference and counterelectrodes are inserted through the top of the top piece and access the solution from the side of the probe. (Adapted with permission from Ref. 30.)...

Fig. 8.2 Ori entations of an amide NH dipolar coupling bond-vector of the protein ubiquitin. Each cone of orientations is compatible with two different alignment directions adopted by the protein in two different alignment media. The central lines defining each cone correspond to the orientations obtained from the measured dipolar couplings. The outer lines include orientations that are possible if the dipolar coupling values are either increased or decreased by 1 Hz. The angle at which the two cones intersect is defined by ft. The solid dot at the cone intersection determines the orientation of the dipolar coupling vector. (Reproduced with permission from B. E. Ramirez and A. Bax, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 720, 9106-9107.)...

Consider the three collisions depicted in Fig. 10.3. In the collision at the top of the figure, the relative velocity vector is aligned directly between the centers of the two molecules. As such, they undergo a head-on collision. In this model all of the translation energy would be available, if needed, for passing over the reaction barrier. 

Order in a cholesteric liquid crystal. The alignment direction spirals about a screw axis normal to the alignment direction. 

The number of components in the relative permittivity tensor is limited by the sample symmetry. In axially oriented samples two independent components are found, parallel and perpendicular to the alignment direction (ey and e L or j and e2), since the sample is isotropic in the plane normal to the direction of orientation, i.e. ej = e2. 

In contrast with our earlier findings for siloxane homopolymers, we found that polymer I could be aligned directly by application of a strong a.c. electric field to the polymer in its LC state. The kinetics of the alignment behaviour will be described in a future paper, but it should be said that we found that the rate of macroscopic alignment decreased rapidly as the sample temperature was... 

EXPLANATIONS. The aligning behavior of block copolymers under shear is complicated and is sensitive to block architecture, mechanical contrast between the layers, proximity of the ODT, frequency, and strain. No general theory seems to predict the alignment direction under all conditions. Theories and rationalizations are available, however, to explain some of the trends. 

It would be interesting to test this explanation by determining the shear alignment direction of the inverted triblock, PI-PS-PI, which has a styrene blocks in the middle. Presumably, if the above explanation for the prevalence of perpendicular alignment in PS-PI-PS is correct, then the inverted triblock PI-PS-PI should show parallel alignment at high frequencies. 

Varimax rotation is a commonly used and widely available factor rotation technique, but other methods have been proposed for interpreting factors from analytical chemistry data. We could rotate the axes in order that they align directly with factors from expected components. These axes, referred to as test vectors, would be physically significant in terms of interpretation and the rotation procedure is referred to as target transformation. Target transformation factor analysis has proved to be a valuable technique in chemo-metrics. The number of components in mixture spectra can be identified and the rotated factor loadings in terms of test data relating to standard, known spectra, can be interpreted. 

Fig. 14 The illustration of the alignment in 3D consideration. The vectors z and c represent the alignment direction and the backbone of a rigid molecule, respectively. Reprinted with permission from [55], (2005) by the American Chemical Society...

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