Polymer science resin

J. B. Class, "Resins, Natural," inj. I. Kroschwit2, ed., Engclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineerings 2nd ed., VoL 14, John WUey Sons, Inc., New York,... 

GANDiNi, A. furan resins , Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology (2nd Edition), Vol. 7, pp. 454-73, John Wiley, New York (1987)... 

He found out in 1909 that a resinous plastic substance is formed in this reaction. This substance could be heated and moulded into a shape. Further heating of a substance in the mould sets it in the fine shape. Further heating does not resoften this substance. Baekeland patented this substance and called it Bakelite. Bakelite was the first Synthetic polymer. The industry of Bakelite led to a study and establishment success of polymer science. 

Miller ML Acrylic acid polymers. In Bikales NM (ed) Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Plastics, Resins, Rubbers, Fibers, Vol 1, p 197. New York, Interscience, 1964... 

Till this time, polymer science was largely empirical, instinctive, and intuitive. Several polymers were commercially available prior to World War I celluloid, shellac, Galalith (casein), Bakelite, and cellulose acetate plastics hevea rubber, cotton, wool, and silk rayon fibers Glyptal polyester coatings bitumen or asphalt, and coumarone-indene and petroleum resins. However, as evidenced by the chronological data shown in Table 1.1, there was little... 

The collection of reviews to be published in ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE is devoted just to these fundamental problems. The epoxy resin-curing agent formulations are typical thermosetting systems of a rather high degree of complexity. Therefore, some of the formation-structure-properties relationships are still of empirical or semiempirical nature. The main objective of this series of articles is to demonstrate the progress in research towards the understanding of these relationships in terms of current theories of macromolecular systems. 

The reader may appreciate receiving a list of all contributions to the series EPOXY RESINS AND COMPOSITES to appear in ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE ... 

Apicella, A., Nicolais, L., Cataldis, C. de Characterization of the morphological fine structure of commercial thermosetting resins through hygrothermal experiments , Advance in Polymer Science vol. 66, Kausch Ed., Springer-Verlag 1984... 

Levy, N. Analysis of an epoxy resin curing reaction by differential scanning calorimetry, in Computer Applications in Applied Polymer Science, p. 313, ACS Symp. Ser. 197, Washington D.C., Amer. Chem. Soc. 1975... 

Kinloch AJ. In Epoxy Resins and Composites I. Advances in Polymer Science No. 72, Dusek K (ed.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1985, p. 45-68. 

The fabrication of the material that forms when linear polyimides are mixed or coupled with epoxy resins to form three dimensional interpenetrating networks (IPN) is wrought with problems. These can be viewed from a polymer science aspect, where chemically modifying the structure of the components will result in their compatibility or from an engineering viewpoint where modifying existing fabrication methods and formulations will result in the desired composite materials. The following is a summary of research of epoxy and polyimide combinations to date. 

Shehata, A. B., Hassan, M. A., and Darwish, N. A. 2004. Kaolin modified with new resin-iron chelate as flame retardant system for polypropylene. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 92 3119-25. 

Bell, J. P., et al., Amine Cured Epoxy Resins Adhesion Loss due to Reaction with Air, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 21,1977, pp. 1095-1102. 

Gorton, B. S., Interaction of Nylon Polymers with Epoxy Resins in Adhesive Blends, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 8, 1964, p. 1287. 

Shirane, K., Radiation-Induced Free Radical Cure of Epoxy Resin, Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 17, 1979, p. 139. 

Brett, C. L., The Detection of Thin Films of Epoxy Resin on Metal Surfaces," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 18, 1974, p. 315. 

P. 0. Powers, Coumarone-indene resins, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology (EPST), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1966, Vol. 4, pp. 272-294. 

RB Gosnell. Thermoplastic resins. In TJ Reinhart et al. Eds. Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol. 1. Metals Park OH ASM International, 1987. p. 97. LL Clements. Polymer science for engineers. In JN Epel et al. Eds. Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol. 2. Metals Park OH ASM International, 1995. p. 48. A Turi. Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials. London Academic Press, 1981. 

This technique, firstly applied to metals and ceramics, has become a popular tool in polymers science for the determination of free volume [4,6-8] and starts to be applied to carbonaceous materials [9-12], Positron studies of porous materials have been predominantly oriented towards the chemical interaction of positrons with gases filling the porosity or with molecular layers adsorbed on the pore surface. Few studies have focused in the relation between annihilation characteristics with pore size and pore size distribution. Only in same cases, the annihilation time and the pore size have been directly related, and most of these studies have been carried out with silica gels [5,13,14], although other materials like porous resins (XADS) [15] have also been studied. In all these studies, it has been observed that the lifetime of positrons (t) increases with pore width. 

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