Polymer manufacture, properties affecting

Vehicles are selected by two methods. In one a concentrate is designed directiy for a resin system, the resin itself, or a compatible resin. Thus when the concentrate is made there is a minimal effect on the properties of the final color. In PVC, often a plasticizer such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP) is used. In the other method, concentrates are made with a commercial universal concentrate vehicle. Concentrate manufacturers and some resin manufacturers have developed vehicles that can incorporate many types of colorants and can be used across many classes of polymers without adversely affecting final product performance. 

Table 2 Properties affecting polymer selection, manufacture, and performance...

In addition, the carbon additive may influence the mechanical aspects of the electrode, which is important for both the electrochemical cell performance as well as the electrode manufacturing process. Carbon properties such as compressibility and polymer binder absorption affect the mechanical stability of the electrode, and thus the electrode manufacturing process and production yield. 

The ionic chemical species resulting ffom the manufacturing process affects the antistatic properties of PVC. Tlius, emulsion polymers have better antistatic properties in comparison with relatively clean suspension and more clean mass process resins. The volume resistivity of pure PVC is about lO" -lO ohm-cm, whereas depending upon the application, lower values are desirable, therefore, antistatic properties are improved by compounding. Typical examples of some antistats used in PVC conqxiunds areas follows ... 

There are several different processes and polymers used ia the manufacture of geotextiles which affect their appearance and physical properties. Geotextiles are produced ia various weights and thicknesses, which also determine their physical properties and ultimately the performance of the material when iastaHed on a project (see also high performance fibers). 

In converting ESBR latex to the dry mbber form, coagulating chemicals, such as sodium chloride and sulfuric acid, are used to break the latex emulsion. This solution eventually ends up as plant effluent. The polymer cmmb must also be washed with water to remove excess acid and salts, which can affect the cure properties and ash content of the polymer. The requirements for large amounts of good-quaUty fresh water and the handling of the resultant effluent are of utmost importance in the manufacture of ESBR and directly impact on the plant operating costs. 

The type of manufacturing process, reaction conditions, and catalyst are the controlling factors for the molecular structure of the polymers [4-8]. The molecular features govern the melt processability and microstructure of the solids. The formation of the microstructure is also affected by the melt-processing conditions set for shaping the polymeric resin [9]. The ultimate properties are, thus, directly related to the microstructural features of the polymeric solid. 

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