Polymer/graphite/graphene

Mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of polymer/graphite/graphene nanocomposites are described in this section. 

It is necessary to disperse the nanomaterials in the best possible manner, especially those layered structures such as graphite, graphene or clays. It is important to obtain very thin (ca. one nanometer) and very wide (ca. 500 nanometers) nanostructures dispersed in the polymer matrices to achieve optimal gas permeability and to improve their mechanical properties without affecting structural quality, using a small amount of the nanomaterial. The particle orientation also has an important effect on the properties of the nanocomposite. Nanoparticles need to be dispersed within the polymer so that are parallel to the material s surface. This condition ensures a maximum tor-... 

Hitherto known 2-D polymers include graphene [1], boron nitride [51] as well as metal oxides, hydroxides, and chalcogenides [2,23c]. These inorganic 2-D polymers are usually obtained by exfoliation from their parent laminar crystals this can be achieved using physical methods such as the scotch tape approach [1] or intercalation [52]. Many reports have been made on the preparation of laminar crystals which can, in principle, be regarded as the parent materials for 2-D polymers. For example, Antonietti and coworkers reported the details of graphitic carbon nitrides based on heptazine motifs, prepared by the thermal condensation ofcyanamide (>560 °C) [53] however, individual layers have not yet been separated from the bulk products. 

Carbon nanotubes or exfoliated graphite (graphene) offers substantial opportunities in the electrical/electronic/optoelectronics areas, as well as potential in specific emerging technologies. Carbon nanotube sheets have been proposed [80], and the potential for carbon nanotube-conjugated polymer composites would be of interest if sufficient electrical conductivity could be obtained (greater than 10 g/cm). 

Chen GH, Wu DJ, Weng WG, Yan WL (2001) Preparation of polymer/graphite ctmducting nanocomposite by intercalation polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 82 2506 Chen XM, Shen JW, Huang WY (2002) Novel electrically conductive polypropylene/graphene nanocomposites. J Mater Sci Lett 21 213... 

Noncovalent functionalization of graphene is important, as it does not affect the electronic structure and planarity of this 2D material. Stable aqueous dispersions of polymer-coated graphitic nanoplatelets can be prepared through an exfoliation and... 

The tetrahedral connectivity leads to space-filling carbon polymers which are realized as defect-free ideal structures in diamond. The trigonal connectivity leads to sheets of carbon which are, in the defect-free variety, made up of hexagons leading to so-called graphene layers. The structures of graphite will result if these layers arc regularly stacked in the third dimension. In... 

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