Graphene-polymer

J. Baselga, Interphases in graphene polymer-based nanocomposites Achievements and challenges., Advanced Materials, vol. 23, pp. 5302-5310, 2011. 

Beckert, F., et al., Sulfur-functionalized graphenes as macro-chain-transfer and RAFT agents for producing graphene polymer brushes and polystyrene nanocomposites. Macromolecules, 2012. 45(17) p. 7083-7090. 

Graphene-polymer nanocomposites share with other nanocomposites the characteristic of remarkable improvements in properties and percolation thresholds at very low filler contents. Although the majority of research has focused on polymer nanocomposites based on layered materials of natural origin, such as an MMT type of layered silicate compounds or synthetic clay (layered double hydroxide), the electrical and thermal conductivity of clay minerals are quite poor [177]. To overcome these shortcomings, carbon-based nanofillers, such as CB, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphite have been introduced to the preparation of polymer nanocomposites. Among these, carbon nanotubes have proven to be very effective as conductive fillers. An important drawback of them as nanofillers is their high production costs, which... 

The percolation is usually very low, such as less than 1%. However, the polymers for electronics require high conductivity, thus a much higher content of filler is desired to form highly conductive networks in polymer matrix. Moreover, a good dispersion also helps to achieve percolation at low volume fraction of fillers. The graphene-polymer composites that were prepared via complete exfoliation of graphite and molecular-level dispersion of... 

However, the mentioned properties of graphene-polymer nanocomposites are strongly dependent on the uniformly dispersion in polymeric matrices which is affected by functional groups present on the graphene surface. 

FT-IR is a powerful and reliable technique for description of chemical characterization of graphene and also study of the structure and properties relationships in PVDF/PMMA/graphene polymer blend nanocomposite. The interactions between these three components including PVDF, PMMA and graphene sheets can be revealed and described by using this technique. As well, exploration of PVDF chains conformations (crystalline structures) are affected by presence of graphene sheets and PMMA chains can be done which is very important in order to design the new material with special properties. 

Mohamadi. S., Sharifi-Sanjani, N., (2011) Investigation of the crystalline structure of PVDF in PVDF/PMMA/Graphene polymer blend nanocomposites. Polymer Composites, Vol. 32, pp. 1451-1460, ISSN 0272-8397. 

Based on the kind of interaction between graphene sheets and polymers, the graphene-polymer composite can be mainly classified into two types graphene-filled polymer composites and polymer-functionalized graphene. 

H.-B. Zhang, Q. Yan, W.-G. Zheng, Z. He, Z.-Z. Yu, Tough Graphene-Polymer Microcellular Foams for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2011,3,918-924. 

Graphene/polymer composites have attracted a great deal of attention because of their wide applications in high-strength and conductive... 

Among the composites of graphene/polymer, graphene/CPs can be produced not only by in situ chemical polymerization but also by in situ electrochemical polymerization [149,150]. Electrochemical polymerization yields mechanically stable composite films and they can be directly used as the electrodes of energy storage devices. Furthermore, electrochemical polymerization can be precisely controlled by the applied potential, current density, and polymerization time. 

Xiao, X.C., Xie, T., and Cheng, Y.T. (2010) Self-healable graphene polymer composites. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 20, 3508-3514. 

R.K. Layek, and A.K. Nandi, A review on synthesis and properties of polymer functionalized graphene. Polymer (United Kingdom), 54 (19), 5087-5103, 2013. 

D. Cai, and M. Song, Recent advance in functionalized graphene/polymer nanocomposites,/owrnaZ of Materials Chemistry, 20 (37), 7906-7915,2010. 

Graphene/polymer hybrid nanocomposites have a superior memory effect with a large On/Off ratio, good endmance, long retention time and high cell-to-cell rmiformity, but there is difficulty in the in-situ synthesis of graphene in a polymer matrix. 

Kim H, Abdala AA, Macosko CW. Graphene/polymer nanocomposites. Macromolecules July 2010 43 6515-30. 

Terrones M, Olga Martin O, Cabanelas JC, Baselga J. Interphases in graphene polymer-based nanocomposites achievements and challenges. Adv Mater September... 

Thermal properties generally include thermal stability and thermal conductivity. Compared with pure polymer, graphene-polymer composites show enhanced thermal properties. For example, FGS-PMMA composite yielded an increase of 30°C in (glass transition temperature) with a loading of 0.05 wt% FGS. ° The inclusion of FGS increased thermal conductivity by up to 6% in the 0.25 wt% FGS-silicone foam composite. ... 

---