Polymer electrolytes recognition

In conclusion the introduction of metal oxide into the polymer matrix has significantly improved the amorphicity, mechanical, thermal and ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes. Novel analytical devices based on nanostructured metal oxides and CPs are cost-effective, highly sensitive due to the large surface-to-volume ratio of the nanostructure, and additionally show excellent selectivity when coupled to bio-recognition molecules with simple design [99-102]. 

The interest in polymer electrolytes (PEs) has not ceased to increase since the first report of salt/polymer complexes by Wright and the subsequent recognition by Armand et al of the potential use of these materials as electrolytes in solid state electrochemical devices. ... 

One of the important contributions to electrolyte research coming from the NMR measurements is the recognition of ion conduction taking place predominantly in the amorphous phase of the electrolyte and only at temperatures above the glass transition of this phase. These results were obtained by motional narrowing studies, where the linewidth of resulting spectral bands is studied as a function of temperature. The results indicate that the ionic mobility is closely connected to the mobility of the polymer chains and a segmental motion-assisted ion-transport mechanism has been proposed and is now broadly accepted in the polymer electrolyte community. 

Most ISEs are based on purely physicochemical and non-catalytic recognition elements solid membranes with fixed ionic sites (e.g. the glass pH electrode), ion-exchange polymer membranes or plasticised hydrogel membranes incorporating ionophores [9], Silicon oxide or metal oxides act as the recognition element in pH-ISFETs, gas-sensitive FETs, solid-state electrolyte, solid-state semiconductor and many conductometric gas sensors. 

The electrochemical recognition of chloride ions by a functionalized PPy film electrogenerated from a substituted tris-bipyridine ruthenium (II) complex (32) has been reported by Lopez et al. [374]. The first one-electron reduction wave of the electroactive polymer was cathodically shifted (maximum shift of 40 mV) when Cl was added to the electrolytic medium. Unexpectedly, the electroactivity of the film was also dramatically changed in the presence of F, while 1 and Br" had no effect. 

Such high optical rotations have recently been confirmed on solutions of chemically synthesized 36 [104]. The electrochemical behavior of the two antipodic forms of 37 has been analyzed using d- and /-camphorsulfo-nates as supporting electrolyte, and the differences observed in the resulting electrochemical responses provided first evidence of enantioselective molecular recognition on chiral conducting polymers 1102]. 

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