Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells performance

Kamarajugadda, S., and Mazumder, S. Numerical investigation of the effect of cathode catalyst layer structure and composition on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance. Journal of Power Sources 2008 183 629-642. Krishnan, L., Morris, E. A., and Eisman, G. A. Pt black polymer electrolyte-based membrane-based electrode revisited. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 2008 155 B869-B876. 

Kamarajugadda, S., and Mazumder, S. Numerical investigation of the effect of cathode catalyst layer structure and composition on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance. Journal of Power Sources 2008 183 629-642. 

T. Erey and M. Linardi. Effects of membrane electrode assembly preparation on the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance. Electrochimica Acta 50 (2004) 99-105. 

Rajalakshmi N, Jayanth T T and Dhathathreyan K S (2003) Effect of carbon dioxide and ammonia on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance, FUEL CELLS, 3, pp. 177-180. 

Ren, X. Springer, T. E. and Gottesfeld, S. (1998). Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Transport Properties of the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Cell Performance. Vol. 98-27. Proc. 2nd International Symposium on Proton Conducting Membrane Euel Cells. Pennington, NJ Electrochemical Society. 

Cho, Y. H., Yoo, S. J., Cho, Y. H., Park, H. S., Park, I. S., Lee, J. K., and Sung, Y. E. Enhanced performance and improved interfacial properties of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells fabricated using sputter-deposited Pt thin layers. Electrochimica Acta 2008 53 6111-6116. 

There are a few distinct structural concepts for high-performance Pt alloy ORR electrocatalysts that are currently attracting much attention because they hold the promise of significant activity improvements compared to pure Pt catalysts. As a result of this, these electrocatalysts potentially offer the prospect to impact the future of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cell catalyst technology. 

Abstract. The constructive and technological features of silicon electrodes of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) are discussed. Electrodes are made with application of modem technologies of integrated circuits, and technologies of macroporous silicon. Also ways of realization of additional functionalities of electrodes to offered constructive - technological performance are considered. 

Mani P, Srivastava R, Strasser P. Dealloyed binary PtM3 (M = Cu, Co, Ni) and ternary PtNbM (M = Cu, Co, Fe, Cr) electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction performance in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J Power Sources. 2011 196 666-73. 

Halsied R, Vie P J S, Tunold R (2006), Effect of ammonia on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells , J. Power Sources, 154, 343-350. 

Recently, taking advantage of the very narrow size distribution of the metal particles obtained, microemulsion has been used to prepare electrocatalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) Catalysts containing 40 % Pt Ru (1 1) and 40% Pt Pd (1 1) on charcoal were prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium chloride and palladium chloride with Berol 050 as surfactant in iso-octane. Reduction of the metal salts was complete after addition of hydrazine. In order to support the particles, the microemulsion was destabilised with tetrahydrofurane in the presence of charcoal. Both isolated particles in the range of 2-5 nm and aggregates of about 20 nm were detected by transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of membrane electrode assemblies, MEAs, prepared using this catalyst was comparable to that of the MEAs prepared with a commercial catalyst. 

Heinzel and Konig snmmarize the impact of nanostrnctnred materials on fnel cell technology, mainly in the area of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. This chapter illustrates how nanostructured materials can modify component performance snch as electrocatalyst materials and membrane. 

For polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications, platinum and platinum-based alloy materials have been the most extensively investigated as catalysts for the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen. A number of factors can influence the performance of Pt-based cathodic electrocatalysts in fuel cell applications, including (i) the method of Pt/C electrocatalyst preparation, (ii) R particle size, (iii) activation process, (iv) wetting of electrode structure, (v) PTFE content in the electrode, and the (vi) surface properties of the carbon support, among others. ... 

Solid polymer electrolytes, typically perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes, are at the core of Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). These membranes electrically and mechanically isolate the anode and cathode while, when appropriately humidified, allowing for effective ion migration. Nafion, manufactured by DuPont, is one of the most thoroughly used and studied membranes in the PFSA family. Another family of membranes that holds some promise for use in PEMFCs is the group of sulfonated polyaromatic membranes, typically sulfonated polyetherketones. While research is being performed on other types of membranes, as well as hybrid membranes that might have been better-suited properties, information on these is searce [1-10]. 

Figures for the time required for a smooth operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (and other fuel cells used in the same applications) are given variously as 2000-3000 h for the power plants in portable devices, as up to 3000 h over a period of 5-6 years for the power plants in electric cars, and as 5-10 years for stationary power plants. Much time will, of course, be required to collect statistical data for the potential lifetime of different kinds of fuel cells. Research efforts, therefore, concentrate on finding the reasons for the gradual decline of performance indicators and for premature failure of fuel cells. In recent years, many studies have been conducted in this area.

Gerteisen D, Sadeler C (2010) Stability and performance improvement of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack by laser perforation of gas diffusion layers. J Power Sources 195 5252-5257... 

Shin SJ, Lee JK, Ha HY, Hong SA, Chun HS, Oh IH. Effect of the catalytic ink preparation method on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J Power Sources 2002 106(1—2) 146—52. 

Chun YG, Kim CS, Peck DH, Shin DR. Performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with thin film catalyst electrodes. J Power Sources 1998 71(l-2) 174-8. 

---