Polymer-Cement Concretes

Treatment Standards of Liquid Redox Waste in California, State of California Department of Health Services, Toxic Substances Control Program, Alternative Technology Division, June 1990 Sulphur Polymer Cement Concrete, Design and Construction Manual, The Sulphur Institute, Washington, D.C., 1994. 

Soh, Y.S. (1992), Development of Lightweight Polymer Cement Concrete, Korea-Japan Symposium on Development and Application of Concrete-Polymer composits, Chonbuk National Univ., pp. 172-159. 

Raff, R. A. V., and Huffaker, E. M., Polymer Cement Concrete with Furfuryl Alcohol Resins (Final Report), Research Report (73/20-8-33), U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver (1973)... 

The mechanical properties, the corrosion stability, and some useful properties are the reasons for the continuous interest shown in polymer-concrete composites by various design, research, and production organizations. The most important types of polymer-concrete composites are polymer-impregnated concrete (PIC), polymer-cement concrete (PCC), and polymer concrete (PC). 

PCC polymer cement concrete PEBA polyether block amide... 

E.Knapen and D.Van Gemert, Cement hydration and microstructure formation in the presence of water-soluble polymers. Cement Concrete Research, Vol.39 (2009) p. 6... 

L. Czamecki P. Lukowski Optimization of Polymer-Cement Concretes, Optimization Methods for Material Design of Cement-Based Composites. (E FN Spon. New York 1998) p. 231-250... 

Z. Su Microstmcture of polymer-cement concrete. Delft University Press, (1995). 

In the end of this chapter the polymer-cement concretes are briefly discussed. This technology is not new as well, because it was proposed by Steinbeig in 1968 [4], However, the polymer-cement concretes reveal so unique properties that they can be classified as special concrete composites [5]. 

The polymer-cement concretes are produced by addition of polymer to the concrete mixture. The following modification of this technology can be specified ... 

The addition of polymer to the concrete mixture causes the significant change of concrete properties [5], However, for these concretes quite different curing conditions are required, mainly initially in water or in very humid air and then in dry air. Therefore they cannot be used in under water concreting [5]. In practice these polymer-cement concretes are cured in the same way as cement concretes and for this reason they do not attain the assumed properties [5]. 

In some cases the hardener is not used and it is taken advantage of calcium hydroxide the catalytic effect, evolved as a product of calcium silicates hydrolysis, at the initial period of alite [61]. At resin content not exceeding 20% by mass of cement the properties of polymer-cement concrete do not differ significantly from those of polymer hardened by traditional method. 

Czamecki and Lukowski [61] mention the acryl polymers added at p/c=0.1, which provide the better abrasion resistance, important for bridge pavements and industrial floors and improve the other properties typical for these polymer-cement concretes. The authors [61] mention also the epoxy-cement concrete, the only practically used composite, in which the polymer structural hardening occurs simultaneously with cement hydration [61]. 

The polymer-cement concrete reveal, apart from the higher compressive strength— better adhesion to aggregate and lower porosity of the interfacial transition zone in comparison with traditional concrete. The propa tion of cracks in concrete is thus changed [61,62]. The tightness of polymer-cement concrete and resistance to the attack of corrosive environment, including the acidic one, are generally improved. In the latter case the epoxy resin is reconunended. In the two papers by Czamecki (one with Lukowski) [5,61] the recent achievements in the area of polymer-cement concrete are presented. 

Grossknrth, K.P. (1991) Morphology and long term behavior of polymer cement concrete. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 179,273-281. 

Wang, X., Chen, G., and Wu, K. (1992) Experimental investigations and fracture properties of ordinary concrete and polymer cement concrete, in Proceedings 9th ICCC, New Delhi, Vol. 5, pp. 557-563. 

B) Polymer-cement concrete is a modified concrete in which a part of the cement binder is replaced by organic polymer. It is produced by incorporating a monomer, prepolymer, or dispersed polymer latex into a cement-concrete mixture. The process technology used is similar to that of conventional concrete and has the advantage that it can be cast in place for field applications. Most of the polymer-cement-concrete composites are based on different kinds of lattices obtained especially by emulsion polymerization. The lattices are aqueous emulsions containing polymer particles such as SBR, NBR, PVAc, copolyesters of AA-MAA, and PAA-PMAA-SBR. The compatibility of SBR, PVAc, and acrylic lattices with Portland cement produces particular characteristics that led to wide use of this component as polymer-concrete composites. 

V.I. Solomatov, Polymer-Cement Concretes and Polymer Concretes, AEC-tr-7147, Moscow, 1970, p.37-50. 

The synthetic polymers and resins considered here are those that are used for polymer cement concretes (PCC). Properties of ordinary cement mortars and concretes are significantly improved by polymer-based admixtures, which are classified into four main types (Ohama 1998) ... 

Other types of polymer concretes, that is, PC (polymer concrete) and PCC (polymer cement concrete), also give various possibilities for adjusting mechanical properties to the required ones. 

Polymer cement concretes (PCC) usually exhibit higher creep, which may even increase in elevated temperature. This is not the case for polymer impregnated concretes (PIC) in which a hardened skeleton does not allow for increased creep, particularly when a low volume of polymer is used for impregnation. 

Polymer Cement Concrete (PCC), in which during mixing monomers are added to concrete or mortar composition. After mixing, the added... 

Figure 13.4 Simplified images of stnicture of a polymer cement concrete consecutive stages of formation of a polymer cement co-matrix. Reprinted from Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol 20, Ohama, Y., Polymer-based admixtures , pp. 24., Copyright (1998), with permission from Elsevier.

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