Polymer blends blend composition

Polymer Blend Blend Composition (wt/wt) r andV ( C) of Crystallizable Component T (°C)of Amorphous Component Blend (°C) Crystal- lization References... 

Polymer blend Blend composition (wt/wt) Tg and (°C) of crystallizable component Tg ( C) of amorphous component Blend Tg (°C) Crystallization References... 

J. A. Manson and L. H. Sperling, Polymer Blends and Composites, Plenum Press, New York, 1976. 

Synthetic polymers have become extremely important as materials over the past 50 years and have replaced other materials because they possess high strength-to-weight ratios, easy processabiUty, and other desirable features. Used in appHcations previously dominated by metals, ceramics, and natural fibers, polymers make up much of the sales in the automotive, durables, and clothing markets. In these appHcations, polymers possess desired attributes, often at a much lower cost than the materials they replace. The emphasis in research has shifted from developing new synthetic macromolecules toward preparation of cost-effective multicomponent systems (ie, copolymers, polymer blends, and composites) rather than preparation of new and frequendy more expensive homopolymers. These multicomponent systems can be "tuned" to achieve the desired properties (within limits, of course) much easier than through the total synthesis of new macromolecules. 

Manson JA, Sperling LZ (1976) Polymer blends and composites Plenum Press, London, Ch 13... 

Dawsey TR (1994) In Gilbert RD (ed) Cellulosic Polymers, Blends and Composites. 

Manson, J.A. Sperling, L.H. "Polymer Blends and Composites" Plenum New York, 1976. 

S. Patachia, Blends based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and the products based on this polymer , in Handbook of Polymer blends and composites , C. Vasile and A.K. Kulshreshtha (eds.), Chap. 8, RAPRA Technology LTD., England, Chap.8. 2003. p. 288-365. 

All of the examples of PEMs discussed within Section 3.3 unhl now have been composed of only one polymer system without any other compounds present—be they small molecules, polymers, or solid-state materials. A wide variety of different polymer blend and composite PEMs has been made. However, in this section, only a brief overview highlighting some of the more interesting examples that have been reported in the literature will be presented. Eor discussion, these types of PEMs have been divided into three categories polymer blends, ionomer-filled porous substrates and reinforced PEMs, and composite PEMs for high-temperature operation and alternative proton conductors. 

Note For a polymer blend or composite, the morphology describes the structures and shapes observed, often by microscopy or scattering techniques, of the different phase domains present within the mixture. 

Marosi, G. J. and Czigany, T. 2006. Advanced Polymers, Composites and Technologies. Wiley, Floboken, NJ. Mikitaev, A. and Ligidov, M. 2006. Polymers, Polymer Blends, Polymer Composites, and Filled Polymers. Nova, Commack, NY. 

Manson, J. A., Sperling, L. H. Polymer blends and composites. New York Plenum Press 1976... 

It is a routine SFM experiment to investigate the heterogeneous structure of polymer blends and composites containing micrometer sized domains [69]. A less trivial problem is to resolve and characterise the features on the nanometer scale (around 10 nm), which are comparable to the tip size and the contact area. Typical systems, which demonstrate microheterogeneous structures, are block copolymers consisting of chemically different and physically incompatible blocks, e.g. A and B. As a result of the interconnectivity of the blocks, block copolymers undergo microphase separation, where the size of the microdomains is restricted to the molecular dimensions. One can distinguish between AB diblock copolymers and triblock copolymers (ABA and ABC). 

Guo J-X, Gray DG (1994) In Gilbert RD (ed.) Cellulosic polymers, blends and composites, chap. 2. Carl Hanser, Munich... 

Guo, J.-X., and Gray, D. G. (1994). Lyotropic cellulose liquid crystals. In Cellulosic Polymers Blends and Composites, Gilbert, R. D. (Ed.), p. 27. Hanser/Verlag, Munich. 

---