Polymer-based nano-composite fibres

In the course of the recent revival of bio-based polymers [58], cellulose esters have gained attention as matrix materials both for macroscopic and nano composites. In a series of papers, Seavey, Glasser, et al. have investigated continuous cellulose fibre reinforced cellulose ester composites of which the last is dealing with commercial matrix and fibre options [59]. A sort of hand lay-up with acetone solutions was used as the manufacturing method. For various commercial CABs and Lyocell fibres moduli between 15 GPa and 21 GPa were obtained in unidirectional (UD) composites while for cross-ply (CP) architectures, the values were between 10 and 15 GPa. Strengths go up to 310 MPa for UD composites and to 210 MPa for CP materials. 

The incorporation of nanoclays and natural fibres in resin systems thus provides reinforcements to resin systems at two scales. The nanoclay enhances the bio-based polymer system in stiffiiess and hygrothermal properties, while the natural fibres provide the main stiffness and strength. In addition, the enhanced barrier properties of the nano-reinforced resin retard moisture from reaching the natural fibres and thereby providing a synergetic effect between scales for an efficient bio-based composite. Hybrid bio-based composites that exploit the synergy between natural fibres (industrial hemp) in a nano-reinforced bio-based polymer can lead to... 

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