Polymer applications waveguides

The absorption spectrum of m-LPPP (see Figs. 8.5 and 8.14) is characterized by a steep onset of the absorption above the energy gap (ow 1.1 x 105 cm-1 at 453 nm) and a very low subgap absorption ( ,], < 12 cm-1).4,5,77 The minimum value of a is more determined by scattering effects than by true absorption, so that this value can be drastically decreased if the film quality of the polymer film is further improved, which is essential for the application of this polymer in waveguide structures for optical23,78 79 and electrically pumped lasers. 

Development of Polymer Optical Waveguides for Photonic Device Applications... 

Kagami, M., Hasegawa, K., and Ito, H., Fabrication of out-of-plane branching mirrors on polymer channel waveguide. Organic thin films for photonics applications, OSA Tech. Digest Sen, 21, 148 (1995). 

Nonlinear Optically Active Polymers for Waveguide Application... 

For trace analysis in fluids, some Raman sensors (try to) make use of the SERS effect to increase their sensitivity. While the basic sensor layout for SERS sensors is similar to non-enhanced Raman sensors, somehow the metal particles have to be added. Other than in the laboratory, where the necessary metal particles can be added as colloidal solution to the sample, for sensor applications the particles must be suitably immobilised. In most cases, this is achieved by depositing the metal particles onto the surfaces of the excitation waveguide or the interface window and covering them with a suitable protection layer. The additional layer is required as otherwise washout effects or chemical reactions between e.g. sulphur-compounds and the particles reduce the enhancement effect. Alternatively, it is also possible to disperse the metal particles in the layer material before coating and apply them in one step with the coating. Suitable protection or matrix materials for SERS substrates could be e.g. sol-gel layers or polymer coatings. In either... 

Burke C.S., Polerecky L., MacCraith B.D., Enhanced polymer waveguide platforms for absorption-based optical chemical sensors, Proc. S.P.I.E., 2002 4876 848-855. Opto-Ireland 2002 Optics and Photonics Technologies and Applications (Galway, Ireland, 2002 ). 

Lytel, R. Lipscomb, F. Electro-Optic Polymer Waveguide Devices Status and Applications, this volume... 

Figure 2 shows the tradeoffs between crystal and polymer organic NLO materials for device applications. Although cither type of materials could in principle be used for both applications, crystals are best for second harmonic generation, and poled polymers are best for electro-optic waveguide devices such as modulators and switches. 

Figure 2. Tradeoffs between polymer and crystal organic nonlinear optical materials. EO refers to applications for electro-optic waveguide devices such as modulators and switches. SHG refers to applications for frequency doubling of moderate and low power laser sources. A + indicates favored, - indicates disfavored, 0 indicates neither favored nor disfavored, and x indicates not relevant.

Acceptor species concentrations, equations, 400-401 Acentric materials biomimetic design, 454-455 synthesis approaches, 446 Ar-(2-Acetamido-4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidene control of crystal polymorphism with assistance of auxiliary, 480-482 packing arrangements, 480,481-482/ Acetylenes, second- and third-order optical nonlinearities, 605-606 N-Acetyltyrosine, phase-matching loci for doubling, 355,356/, t Acid dimers, orientations, 454 Active polymer waveguides, applications, 111... 

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