Polymer channel waveguide

Fig. 112. (Top) Polymer channel waveguide for optical gain. (Bottom) Calculated differential optical gain for an Er-doped devices (organic complex, 2x1 pm2 core section) as a function of pump power for direct (—) and ligand (—) excitation reproduced with permission from (SloolFet al., 2002).

The photophysical properties of terphenyl-based acyclic (22a) and cyclic hemispherands (22c, 22d, see fig. 27) have been investigated in organic solvents and in KBr pellets (1 wt%) with the purpose of introducing them later in optical amplifiers (Sloofif et al., 1998). Absorption cross sections for the 1.54 pm emission, which is quite broad with fwhh = 70 nm, amount to 0.62, 1.1, and 0.93 x 10 20 cm2 for [Er(22a)], [Er(22c)] and [Er(22d)], respectively. The best photoluminescence intensities are obtained with the cyclic ligands. The optical gain of the complexes doped into a polymer channel waveguide is on the order of 1.7 dB cm-1, while the threshold power is as low as 1.4 mW. 

Jager, M., Stegeman, G. I., Brinker, W., Yilmaz, S., Bauer, S., Horsthuis, W. G. H., and Mdhlmann, G. R., Comparison of quasi-phase-matched geometries for second-harmonic generation in poled polymer channel waveguides at 1.5 /utm, Appl. Phys. Lett., 68, 1183-1185 (1996). 

Kagami, M., Hasegawa, K., and Ito, H., Fabrication of out-of-plane branching mirrors on polymer channel waveguide. Organic thin films for photonics applications, OSA Tech. Digest Sen, 21, 148 (1995). 

Shuto, Y, Tomaru, S., Hikita, M., and Amano, M., Optical intensity modulators using diazo-dye-substituted polymer channel waveguides, IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 31, 1451-1460 (1995). 

Fig. 1. Examples of the two common integrated optics waveguides used SHG in organic materials (a) slab waveguide, (b) channel waveguide. The dimensions along the confinement directions are typically a few optical wavelengths. The core optical index made from the polymer film is higher that the substrate ns. and cladding nc indices...

Barrett, C., Natansohn, A., Rochon, P. (1997). Photoinscription of channel waveguides and grjiing couplers in azobenzene polymer thin films. Proceedings SPIE 3006, 441-449. 

Figure 6. Fabrication method of 3RDCVXY polymer core channel waveguide.

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