Polyhydroxyalkanoates medical applications

Hazer, B., and Steinbtichel, A. (2007) Increased diversification of polyhydroxyalkanoates by modification reactions for industrial and medical applications. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 74, 1-12. 

Zinn M, Witholt B, EgU T (2001) Occurrence, synthesis and medical application of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 53 5-21 Zong X, Bien H, Chung C-Y, Yin L, Fang D, Hsiao BS, Chu B, Entcheva E (2005) Electrospun fine-textured scaffolds for heart tissue constructs. Biomaterials 26 5330-5338... 

Roller, M.. Hesse, P.J., Bona, R. etal. (2007) Biosynthesis of high qutdity polyhydroxyalkanoate xo- and terpolyesters for potential medical application by the archaeon Haloferax mediterranei. Macromolecular Symposia. 253,33-39. 

Zinn, M., Witholt, B. and EgU, T. (2001) Occurrence, synthesis and medical application of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 53, 5-21. 

Chen GQ, Wang Y. Medical applications of biopolyesters polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Chin J Polym Sd 2013 31 719-36. 

Zinn M,Witholt B. Occurrence, synthesis and medical application of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate. 

Martin DP, Williams SF (2003) Medical applications of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate a strong flexible absorbable biomaterial. Biochem Eng J 16(2) 97-105 McCool GJ, Cannon MC (2001) PhaC and PhaR are required for polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase activity in Bacillus megaterium. J Bacteriol 183 4235-4243... 

Polyhydroxyalkanoates are thought to have an interesting future as sustainable polyesters. For medical applications their price is acceptable, but for broader use for example as packaging materials their high price is still the main hinderness for the application of such materials. 

ValappU, S.P., Misra, S.K., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. (2006) Biomedical applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates, an overview of animal testing and in vivo responses. Expert Review of Medical Devices, 3(6), 853-868. 

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is a family of structurally diverse biopolyesters accumulated by many bacteria as carbon and energy source (Figure 16.1)d PHA have been exploited with a series of applications including environmentally friendly biodegradable plastics for packaging purposes, biofuels, medical implants, and recently, smart materials. PHA monomers are also produced as chiral intermediates for medical or fine chemical applications. ... 

S.F. Williams, D.P. Martin, F.A. Skraly, Medical devices and applications of polyhydroxyalkanoate polymers, US7553923... 

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