Polyfurfuryl alcohol membranes

Membranes from various manufacturers A, Hollosep-cellulose triacetate hollow fibre membrane (Toyobo) B, sulphonated polysulphone composite hollow fibre membrane (Albane International) C, BlO-aromatic polyamide hollow fibre membrane (Du Pont) D, PEC-1000-composite flat-sheet membrane (foray) E, NS-200-composite polyfurfuryl alcohol membrane F, FT-30-composite polyamide flat-sheet membrane (Film Tec/Dow) G,... 

Carbon molecular sieve membranes have been prepared on porous supports by controlled pyrolysis. For example, Chen and Yang [1994] prepar carbon molecular sieve membranes on porous graphite supports by coating a layer of polyfurfuryl alcohol followed by conu-olled pyrolysis with a Hnal temperature of 50O C. The procedure can be repeated to deposit a desired thickness of the carbon membrane. The choice of a graphite support is partially based on the consideration of the compatibility in thermal expansion between the carbon and the support. 

The acid-base Nafion composite membranes include blends of Nafion with polypyrrole (PPy) [98-104], polybenzimidazole (PBI) [105-107], poly (propyleneoxide) (PPO) [108, 109], polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) [110], poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [111-115], sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde (sPF) [116], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) [117-122], poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) [123], poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) [124] polyanifine (PANI) [125-128], polyethylene (PE) [129], poly(ethylene-terephtalate) [130], sulfated p-cyclodextrin (sCD) [131], sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) [132-135], sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (sPAEK) [136], poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) [137], poly(vinylimidazole) (PVl) [138], poly(vinyl pyridine) (PVPy) [139], poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) [140-142], poly(fluorinated ethylene-propylene) [143], sulfonated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (sPOSS) [144], poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) [145, 146], polyrotaxanes (PR) [147], purple membrane [148], sulfonated polystyrene (PSSA) [149, 150], polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-bpolystyrene (SEES) [151], poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulphonic acid-co-l,6-hexanediol propoxylate diacrylate-co-ethyl methacrylate) (AMPS) [152], and chitosan [31]. A binary PVA/chitosan [153] and a ternary Nafion composite with PVA, polyimide (PI) and 8-trimethoxy silylpropyl glycerin ether-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid (TSPS) has also been reported [154]. 

Liu J, Wang H, Cheng S, Chan KY (2005) Nafion-polyfurfuryl alcohol nanocomposite membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. J Membr Sci 246 95-101... 

Jin, L., Huanting, W, Shaoan, C., and Kwong-Yu, C., 2005, Nafion — Polyfurfuryl alcohol nanocomposite membranes for diiect methanol fuel cells , J Membr. Sci. 246 (1) 95-101. 

Polyfurfuryl Alcohol Polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) has been used extensively in the formation of CMS membranes. Because PFA is a liquid at room temperature, all membranes formed from this material have been supported. Chen and Yang (1994) coated PFA onto macroporous graphite supports followed by pyrolysis at 500°C. This process was repeated until CMS layers of 15 xm were formed. The diffusivity ratio for CH4/C2H6 using this process was about 10. 

The most commonly used polymer precursors for carbon membranes have been reported to be polyimides, polyfurfuryl alcohol, phenol formaldehyde resins and cellulose. Their common characteristic is that they do not melt during pyrolysis at high temperature, which keeps their original shape and structure during the thermal heating and decomposition process. In this sense, the commercially available Matrimid and Kapton are the fully imidized polyimides with high values. They do not abruptly change their... 

---