Polyetherimide Synthesis

Polyetherimide synthesis has been achieved by reaction of a dianhydride containing an ether linkage with a diamine, reaction of a diamine containing an ether linkage with a dianhydride, or nucleophilic displacement of halo or nitro groups of a bisimide by bisphenol dianion (19,20). Such Pis exhibit good thermal stabiUty and melt processibiUty. 

The first step of this synthesis is to form a bis-imide monomer formed by the reaction of nitrophthalic anhydride and a diamine (see Figure 4.21). The second step of polyetherimide synthesis involves the formation of a bisphenol dianion by treatment of a diphenol with two equivalents of base, followed by... 

In an alternate approach to polyetherimide synthesis, bis-ether dianhydride monomers were prepared in a series of steps in which we again made use of the nitro-displacement reaction. 

Syntheses. The presence of the ether and imide functionahties provides two general approaches for synthesis. Polyetherimides can be prepared by a nucleophilic displacement polymerkation similar to the haUde displacement inpolysulfone synthesis or by a condensation of dianhydrides and diamines that is similar to normal polyimide synthesis (see POLYIMIDES). 

Information on the synthesis of the polyetherimide—polysiloxane block copolymers has not been disclosed. Many other synthetic methods for preparing block copolymers have been described (19,20,25) but are currendy not beheved to be commercially important. 

Scheme 1. Synthesis of BPADA/PDA PA capped thermoplastic polyetherimide by the acid-ester route...

Komarneni and coworkers [175] conducted a polyol reaction for the preparation of Pt and Ag nanopartides. The synthesis of the metal nanopartides [175] was conducted in a double-walled digestion vessel which has an inner liner and a cover made of Teflon PFA and an outer high-strength shell of Ultem polyetherimide. 

Kricheldorf also reported the synthesis of a thermotropic polyetherimide based on biphenyl-3,3, 4,4 - tetracarboxylic anhydride, and a, -bis(4-ami-nophenoxy) alkane. He similarly observed the need for aromatic rings additional to the two in the anhydride. Batonet and fan-shaped textures indicative of smectic A phases were observed [44] (20). 

The newest engineering thermoplastic is a polyetherimide that was formally announced by General Electric Company in 1982 (16). This amorphous polymer is designated Ultem resin and resulted from the research work of a team headed by J. G. Wirth in the early 1970s (9). The early laboratory process involved a costly and difficult synthesis. Further development resulted in a number of breakthroughs that led to a simplified, cost-effective production process. The final step of the process involves the imidization of a diacid anhydride with m-phenylene diamine (Figure 13). 

TABLE 8.1. Conditions for MNP Synthesis by ion impiantation into Poiyvinyiidene Fiuoride (PVF2), Polyimide (PI), Polymethyl-methacryiate (PMMA), Poiymethyimethacryiate with Phosphorus-Containing Fragments (PMMA -1- PF), Polyethylene (PE), Poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET), Silicone Polymer (Phenylmethyl-silane Resin with Tin Diethyidicaprilate), Epoxy Polycarbonate (PC), and Polyetherimide (PEI) ... 

SYNTHESIS Aromatic polyetherimides are usually prepared from (a) bisphenoxide salts and aromatic dinitrobisimides via nucleophilic nitro-displacement reactions(b) two-step polycondensation of aromatic diamines and ether-dianhydrides in a polar aprotic solvent, followed by thermalor chemical cyclodehydration of the polyamic acid precursors and (c) one-step, high temperature solution polymerization of aromatic diamines and ether-dianhydrides in a phenolic solvent, removing water of condensation azeotropically. - Certain polyetherimides can also be s)mthesized via direct melt polymerization/ ... 

Acetal copolymer Polyetherimide resin Polyethylene, ultrahigh m.w. Polyphenylene sulfide resin industrial processes PPG-25 diethylmonium chloride industrial synthesis Ethylene dibromide... 

Conditions of synthesis and some characteristics of polyetherimides obtained are listed in table. 1. 

Sodium phenoxide was added into reactionary mixes for replacing trailer nitrogroupings and to increase the thermostability in all cases after the end of reaction of synthesis of polyetherimide. 

Keywords 4,4 -Isopropylidenediphenol, Bisphenol-A, synthesis, catalysts, applications, epoxy resins, polycarbonates, polysulphone, polyetherimide, flame retardants, human health, environmental safety... 

Lee LL, Tsai DS (2001) Synthesis and permeation properties of silicon-carbon-based inorganic membrane for gas separation. Ind Eng Chem Res 40 (2) 612-616 Sedigh MG, Xu L, Tsotsis TT, Sahimi M (1999) Transport and morphological characteristics of polyetherimide-based carbon molecular sieve membranes. Ind Eng Chem Res 38 (9) 3367-3380... 

Rajagopalan etal. [4] reported the synthesis of sulphonated polyetherimide and subsequent synthesis of ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC) by depositing platinum on both sides of the polymer membrane by electroless plating process for use in actuators. The TGA and NMR analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of sulfonic groups in the polymer backbone. The content of sulfur in the polymer membrane was measured to be 4.68% by EDX analysis and the degree of sulfonation could also be controlled. SEM micrographs of the composite membrane also confirmed the uniform formation of small platinum particles on the surface of polymer membrane as shown in Figure 1.5. The thickness of... 

Thompson DS, Markoski LJ, Moore JS (1999) Rapid synthesis of hyperbranched aromatic polyetherimides. Macromolecules 32 4764—4768... 

Orlicki JA, Thompson JL, Markosld LJ, Sill KN, Moore JS (2002) Synthesis and characterization of end-group modified hyperbranched polyetherimides. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 40 936-946... 

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