Polyetherimide membranes

K.V. Peinemann, K. Fink, P. Witt, Asymmetric Polyetherimide Membranes for Helium Separation, Journal of Membrane Science 27 (1986) 215. 

Efforts must be made to seleet solvents of low toxieity and to minimize solvent eon-sumption. An older method of produeing polyetherimide membranes involved the use of a mixture of two solvents diehloromethane (very volatile) and 1,1,2-triehloroethane together... 

Huang, RY.M. and Feng, X. 1993. Dehydration of isopropanol by pervaporation using aromatic polyetherimide membrane. Sep. Set Technol. 28 2035-2048. 

Tao, C.-T. and Young, T.-H., Polyetherimide membrane formation by the conosolvent system and its biocompatibility of MG63 cell line, J. Membrane Sci., 269, 66, 2006. 

Efforts must be made to select solvents of low toxicity and to minimize solvent consumption. An older method of producing polyetherimide membranes involved the use of a mixture of two solvents dichloromethane (very volatile) and 1,1,2-triohloroethane together with a mixture of non-solvents xylene and acetic acid. In addition, large amounts of acetone were used in the coagulation bath. A more recent process avoided environmental problems by using tetrahydrofuran and y-butyrolactone in a process in which water is used in the coagulating bath (membrane quality remained the same). ... 

Glassy polymers with much higher glass transition temperatures and more rigid polymer chains than rubbery polymers have been extensively used as the continuous polymer matrices in the zeolite/polymer mixed-matrix membranes. Typical glassy polymers in the mixed-matrix membranes include cellulose acetate, polysul-fone, polyethersulfone, polyimides, polyetherimides, polyvinyl alcohol, Nafion , poly(4-methyl-2-pentyne), etc. 

Jia and coworkers prepared thin-film composite zeolite-filled silicone rubber membranes by a dip-coating method [82]. The membranes have a thin silicalite-1/ silicone rubber mixed-matrix selective layer on top of a porous polyetherimide support. 

Mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes made with modified HSSZ-13 zeolite in polyetherimide polymer matrix for gas separation. /. Membr. Sd., 288, 195-207. 

Specialty polymers achieve very high performance and find limited but critical use in aerospace composites, in electronic industries, as membranes for gas and liquid separations, as fire-retardant textile fabrics for firefighters and race-car drivers, and for biomedical applications (as sutures and surgical implants). The most important class of specialty plastics is polyimides. Other specialty polymers include polyetherimide, poly(amide-imide), polybismaleimides, ionic polymers, polyphosphazenes, poly(aryl ether ketones), polyarylates and related aromatic polyesters, and ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (Fig. 14.9). 

According to literary data, the following mixtures of aromatic/aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbons were separated toluene/ n-hexane, toluene/n-heptane, toluene/n-octane, toluene/f-octane, benzene/w-hexane, benzene/w-heptane, benzene/toluene, and styrene/ethylbenzene [10,82,83,109-129]. As membrane media, various polymers were used polyetherurethane, poly-esterurethane, polyetherimide, sulfonyl-containing polyimide, ionicaUy cross-linked copolymers of methyl, ethyl, n-butyl acrylate with acrilic acid. For example, when a composite polyetherimide-based membrane was used to separate a toluene (50 wt%)/n-octane mixture, the flux Q of 10 kg pm/m h and the separation factor of 70 were achieved [121]. When a composite mebrane based on sulfonyl-containing polyimide was used to separate a toluene (1 wt%)/ -octane mixture, the flux 2 of 1.1 kg pm/m h and the separation factor of 155 were achieved [10]. When a composite membrane based on ionically cross-linked copolymers of methyl, ethyl, w-butyl acrylate with acrilic acid was used to separate toluene (50 wt%)//-octane mixture, the flux Q of 20-1000 kg pm/m h and the separation factor of 2.5-13 were achieved [126,127]. 

Typical UF membrane materials are polysulfone (PS), poly ether sulfone (PES), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), cellulose acetate (CA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyimide (PI), and polyetherimide (PEI) ... 

Some of the earlier reported applications, incorporating the membrane and reactor in the same unit were by Kita and coworkers [3.16, 3.17, 3.18, 3.19]. Kita et al [3.16] used a batch reactor system containing flat, asymmetric hydrophilic membranes (polyetherimide. 

In microwave ovens. General Electric s glass-filled Ultem polyetherimide is used for shelf supports and stirrers. Dartco s Xydar liquid crystal polymer is used for turntables, shelf supports, stirrers, and meat probes. Membrane touch switches for microwave ovens are normally made from polyester film such as Du Font s Mylar. 

Faezeh, B.-T., 2005, Preparation of polyetherimide nanoparticles by electrospray drying, and their use in the preparation of nano-size carbon molecular sieve (CMS) adsorbents and membranes. The 2005 AIChE Annual, Cincinnati, OH, http // aiche.confex.eom/aiche/2005/techprogram/P32246.HTM. 

Other than the polymeric additives mentioned earlier, polymers such as polyetherimide (PEI) [25], polyamide-imide (PAI) [27,35], PSR [26], PSF [36], and polycarbonate (PC) [37] are also proposed over the past few years as potential additives in UF membrane fabrication. The difference between these polymers and water-soluble additives, for example, PEG and PVP, is that they can be used either as the main membrane-forming material (by dissolving in an appropriate solvent) or as an additive to explore their... 

Hwang, L.-L., Tseng, H.-H., and Chen, J.-C. 2011. Fabricahon of polyphenylsnlfone/polyetherimide blend membranes for ultrafiltration apphcations The effects of blending raho on membrane properties and hnmic acid removal performance. Journal of Membrane Science 384 72-81. 

Goha YSH, Chnng TS, Nab P. 2009. Polyamide-imide/ polyetherimide dnal-layer hollow fiber membranes for pervaporation dehydration of C1-C4 alcohols. J. Membr. Sci. 326 222-233. 

K. Kneieel, K.V. Peinemann, Preparation of hollow fiber membranes from polyetherimide for gas separation. Journal of Membrane Science 65 (1992) 295. 

J.T. Macheras, B. Bikson, J.K. Nelson (Praxair) Method of preparing membranes from blends of polyetherimide and polyimide polymers. US Patent 5443728, August 1995. 

The gas permeabiHties for some common polymers used in gas-separation membranes are reported in the preceeding chapter. Figure 2.1 shows the relative flux rates for a variety of gases for a polyetherimide fihn. 

Typical solvents used in membrane production include N-methylpyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichloromethane, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. They are used alone or in mixtures. These are used most frequently as non-solvents methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and t-butanol. Polymers involved include polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyolefins, polycarbonate, polyphenyleneoxide, poly(vinylidene fluoride), polyacrylonitrile, and cellulose and its derivatives. 

Pentaeiythritotetrabenzoate ester (Benzoflex S-552) was used to plasticize poly(arylene ether)/polyetheriniide blends. A micFoporous membrane was manufactured from plasticized polyetherimide. Plasticizer was then removed by leaching into a suitable solvent. ... 

The objectives of this chapter are to describe the fabrication of novel composite hydrophobic/hydrophilic membranes for DCMD using different surface-modifying macromolecules (SMMs) and a hydrophilic polymer polyetherimide (PEI). The membrane characteristics are related to the DCMD performance. 

Khayet, M. and Matsuura, T. 2003a. Progress in membrane surface modification by surface modifying macromolecules using polyethersulfone, polyetherimide and polyvinylidene fluoride base polymers Applications in the separation processes ultrafiltration and per-vaporation. Fluid Particle Sep. J. 15(1) 9-21. 

Qtaishat, M., Rana, D., Khayet, M. and Matsuma, T. 2009a. Preparation and characterization of novel hydrophobic/hydrophilic polyetherimide composite membranes for desalination by direct contact membrane distillation. 327 264—273. 

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