Polyester azelate

Figure 6. Relationship between Tm and the biodegradability of polyesters by R> delemar (a) and R> arrhizus (b) lipases, and PEA-degrading enzyme from Penicillium sp. strain ll+-3 (c). PESu polyethylene suberate PEAz polyethylene azelate PESE polyethylene sebacate PEDe polyethylene decamethylate PBS polytetramethyl-ene succinate PBA polytetramethylene adipate PBSE polytetra-methylene sebacate PHSE polyhexamethylene sebacate PPL poly-propiolactone.

Polyesters. Of the great variety of potential candidates only poly-(neopentylglycol azelate) (NPGA), a liquid material of approximately 2000 molecular weight, is still used in modern propellants. Its chemical structure is shown below. 

Is)max as shown in the diagrams of Figures 17-19 for the three prepolymer types discussed before (polyester, polyether, and polybutadiene). In the examples shown (Is)m ax is about equal for a poly ether (all polypropylene oxide) and a polyester (ca. 49 parts poly (neopentyl glycol) azelate, 35 parts poly (tripropylene glycol) azelate, 10 parts bis (2-ethyl-hexyl) azelate, 6 parts glycerolmonoricinoleate), and about 2 points higher for a polybutadiene binder (ca. 75 parts polybutadiene and 25 parts of a saturated hydrocarbon as plasticizer). 

Sinicropi et al. (1996a) measured hole mobilities of ENA-B doped into a series of polymers poly(styrene) (P-1), bisphenol-A polycarbonate (P-2), pofy(4,4 -isopropylidene bisphenylene-co-4,4 -hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis-phenylene (50/50) terephthalate-co-azelate (65/35) (P-3), poly(4,4 -(2-norbotyli-dene)diphenylene terephthalate-co-azelate (40/60) (P-4), a phosgene-based polyester carbonate (P-5), and poly(vinyl butyral) (P-6). The ENA-B concentrations were 45%. Figure 64 shows the room temperature field dependencies. The mobilities vary by over four orders of magnitude. The field and temperature dependencies were described as log/i fiEl/2 and -(TJT)2. Table S summarizes the results. 

It also has been shown that azelate esters can also be used in place of adipate polyesters in thermoplastic polyurethanes, which also indicated improved hydrolytic stability as well as somewhat improved low-temperature properties as compared to those of the corresponding adipate polyester based urethanes (90). The tendency of polyester-based urethanes to hydrolyze, particularly at high humidities and elevated temperatures, can partly be reduced by incorporation of small amounts of polymeric carbodiimides (91). Alternately, the use of diisocyanate-containing carbodiimide groups helps to confer greater hydrolytic stability to polyester urethanes (92). 

Priplast [Unichema Unichema France SA] Azelates or epoxizied oleate plasticizers for PVC, PVDC, PVAc, cellu-losics, specialty rubbers, nitroceOulose, polyvinylbutyral films polyester polyols for polyurethane foam, coatings, and thermoplastic elastomers. 

Papageorgiou, G.Z., Achilias, D.S., and Bikiaris, D.N. (2009) Crystallization kinetics and melting behaviour of the novel biodegradable polyesters poly(propylene azelate) and poly(propylene sebacate). Macromol. Chem. Rhys., 210, 90. 

Polymeric plasticisers such as polypropylene adipate, azelate, glutarate and sebacate (or mixtures of these substances) are much less volatile than ordinary low molecular weight plasticisers. They are not easily extracted, and they weather well, but they cost more than phthalates and are not as easily processed, being mostly high viscosity substances. They are often blended with phthalates as a compromise. The polyester adipates are the most widely used. 

Most plasticizers are used with polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Some go into such plastics as cellulosics, nylon, polyolefins, and styrenics. Plasticizers are typically di- and tri-esters of aromatic or aliphatic acids and anhydrides. Epoxidized oil, phosphate esters, hydrocarbon oils, and some other materials also function as plasticizers. In some cases, it is difficult to discern whether a particular polymer additive functions as a plasticizer, lubricant, or flame retardant. The most popular plasticizers are the phthalates, followed by the epoxies, adipates, azelates, trimeflitates, phosphates, polyesters, and others. There are a number of discrete chemical compounds within each of these categories. As a result, the total number of plasticizers available is substantial. 

Using different aliphatic diacids with increasing number of methylene imits (X), from succinic with two methylene units to sebacic acid with eight methylene units, a series of polyesters of 1,3-propanediol was prepared. Thus, poly(propylene succinate) (X=2), poly (propylene glutarate) (X=3), poly(propylene adipate) (X=4), poly(propylene pimelate) (X=5), poly (propylene suberate) (X=6), poly (propylene azelate) (X=7) and poly(propylene sebacate) (X=8) samples have been synthesized. 

Poly(propylene adipate) (PPAd) was reported to be miseible with poly(ethylene oxide) PEO. In fact Lin and Woo studied the miscibility of PEO with a series of polyesters [48]. They foimd that PEO is miscible with polyesters such as poly(ethylene adipate), poly(propylene adipate), poly(butylene adipate), and poly(ethylene azelate). On the other hand PEO was found to be immiscible with poly(l,6-hexamethylene adipate) and poly(l,6-hexamethylene sebacate). Optical observations showed that the melts of the blends of PEO... 

To elucidate the degradation mechanisms of two biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, poly (propylene azelate) (PPAz) and poly(propylene sebacate) (PPSe), TGA, FTIR and a TG-GC/MS system was used. Due to the existence in both polyesters... 

Linear block copolymers of the ABA type have been prepared using hydroxyl-terminated polyoxyethylenes as starter molecules and polymerizing epsilon-caprolactone onto each end of the molecules (185). Similar ABA block, polyester/poly(alkylene oxide)/polyester copolymers were synthesized by growing polyester blocks onto preformed polyoxyethylene by means of condensation polymerization (186). The polyester blocks included 1,6-hexanediol and 1,10-decanediol adipates and azelates. 

G.i Polyester E polyesters ->Alkyd resins are the most important p. based on RR. The esters of - azeleic acid, -+brassylic acid and - sebacic acid with polyols are other commercial p. used in hydrophobic molded goods. -> Ester oils are used as ->plastics additives and in - lubricants. 

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