Polycyclic musks perfumes

The cross-dimerization reaction is very commonly employed for the manufacture of intermediates for synthetic musks, which have become an important class of perfumery chemicals. Synthetic musks have been the target of extensive research over the years due to a conservation order placed on the musk deer. Nitro musks are being steadily replaced by non-nitro polycyclic musks becau.se of technical drawbacks and health aspects of the former, which are explosive, sensitive, and virtually nonbiodegradable. Non-nitro musks, on the other hand exhibit better stability to light and alkali, and more nearly duplicate the odour of the macrocyclic musks occurring in nature. Indian musk odorants are easily soluble in alcohol and perfume compositions. They have the added advantage of non-discoloration in soap and domestic products. In view of the low price, their future in the perfume industry appears very promising. 

Puma, a sport-lifestyle brand, committed to eliminating the OSPAR+ chemicals from both its sports shoes and perfumes with immediate effect, across their whole product range. Results of perfume testing commissioned by Greenpeace revealed that Puma s Jamaica Man and Puma Woman had some of the lowest levels of nitromusks and polycyclic musks of all of the samples analysed. ... 

More than 6 000 tonnes of polycyclic musks (Figure 4.6) have been produced worldwide since 1996 [47]. They are present at concentrations of up to several mg/g of product [48] as fragrances in perfumes, detergents, soaps, lotions, air fresheners, and other scented personal products. These compounds are hydrophobic and persistent, bioaccumulate in food webs, have toxic effects, and are widespread in surface waters, sediments, fish, and human adipose tissues and... 

Synthetic musks are important ingredients for the fragrance industry. They are heavily used in laundry detergents, fabric softeners, cleaning products, air fresheners, and so on, and in cosmetic and personal hygiene products such as hand soap, shampoo, and perfume. Nitro, polycyclic, macrocyclic, and the newest dass, alicydic musks constitute the four major classes. The OSPAR (Oslo-Paris) Commission summarized information on their environmental behavior that was relevant to its charge, namely protection of the northeast Atlantic marine environment [37]. Most of the identified uses of synthetic musks are expected to lead to their release to... 

HHCB (Galaxolide ) [ 10] and AHTN (Tonalide ) [ 11] are persistent polycyclic synthetic musk substitutes (PMF), with widespread application as fragrances in soaps, perfumes, air fresheners, detergents, fabric softeners and other household cleaning products (Rimkus, 1999). They are characterized by low water solubilities (Balk and Ford, 1999a/b 1.25-1.75 mg/1), and log KoW values in the range of 5.7-5.9 (Rimkus, 1999). We detected HHCB and AHTN accompanied by 4-oxoisophorone [ 12], a constituent of perfumes (Ullmann, 2001), in all samples within our research area, reflecting a widespread application and subsequent emission (see Table 4). 

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