Polychlorinated biphenyls microbial degradation

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Bedard DL, JE Quensen III (1995) Microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls. In Microbial transformation and Degradation of Toxic Organic Chemicals (Eds LY Yonng, CE Cemiglia), pp. 127-216. Wiley-Liss, New York. 

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Furukawa, K. (1982). Microbial degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls. In Biodegradation and Detoxification of Environmental Pollutants, ed. A. M. Chakrabarty, pp. 33-57. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press. 

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Bioremediation has been successfully demonstrated for a variety of contaminant classifications. The majority of the studies have focused on petroleum compounds (BTEX, gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, etc.) because of their widespread occurrence as a contaminant. The other major waste classifications where bioremediation has been successful are solvents (toluene, trichloroethylene, etc.), creosote, pulp and paper, pesticides, textiles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Table 1 contains a partial list of the microbial genus successfully implemented for these contaminants. For aqueous petroleum contaminants, bacteria and yeasts are the most prevalent degraders. In contaminated soil systems, bacteria and fungi are the microorganisms responsible for degradation. ... 

FIGURE 13.13 Microbial mineralization rates of " C-labeled polychlorinated biphenyls at pH 6.5 under controlled redox potential showing degradation was greater under intermediate redox potential +250 mV. 

Figure 1. Proposed pathways for the microbial degradation of p-chlorobiphenyl (p-CB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Chlorinated benzoic acids have been shown to be intermediates in the biodegradation of several chlorinated aromatic compounds, for example, 4-chlorobenzoic acid is formed in the biodegradation of both polychlorinated biphenyls [103]. Mixed microbial cultures, which have been studied by a number of groups under aerobic conditions, can degrade a wide range of chlorinated benzoic acids, including 2-, 3- and 4-chlorobenzoic acid as well as 3,4-dichloro- and 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid [104]. By contrast, under anaerobic conditions, only reductive dechlorination of meta-substituted benzoic acids has been observed [49,105,106]. Cometabolism of chlorobenzoic acids in the presence of unsubstituted benzoic adds leads to the formation of the corresponding... 

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