Polycarboxylic acid polymers

The Antitumor and Antiviral Effects of Polycarboxylic Acid Polymers... 

The toxicity of polycarboxylic acid polymers is more sensitive to polymer structure and molecular weight than antitumor activity. The acute toxicity is markedly decreased with decreasing molecular weight (Table VI and XI). Further,polyanion polymers have been shown to highly sensitize mice to bacterial endotoxin (39)> this activity is strikingly molecular weight dependent as shown in Tables VII and XI as well as dose dependent ( 3. The enhanced sensitivity to endotoxin by synthetic anionic polymers has been extensively studied, but the mechanism of action is still not understood (39)-... 

Macrophage Activation by Polycarboxyl Acid Polymer Immunopotentia-... 

R. M. Ottenbrite, The antitumor and antiviral effects of polycarboxylic acid polymers, "Bilogical Activites of Polymers, "C. E. Carraher, Jr. and C, G. Gebbelein, eds., American Chemical Society Symposium Series 186 (1982). 

R.M. Ottenbrite, J. Sunamoto, T. Sato, and M. Oka, Activation of alveolar macrophage with polycarboxylic acid polymers as immunomodulators, Polym. Prep., 26 (1), 212-213,1985. 

Chem. Descrip. Unsal. polycarboxylic acid polymer with a polysiloxane copolymer, with 36% xylene, 9% ethylbenzene, 3% 2,6-dimelhyl-4-heplanone, 2% 4,6-dime-lhyl-2-heptanone... 

The theory of gelation (Flory, 1953,1974) has been summarized in Section 2.2.3. This theory regards gelation as the consequence of the random crosslinking of linear polymer chains to form an infinite three-dimensional network. The phenomenon is, of course, well illustrated by examples drawn from the gelation of polycarboxylic acids by metal ions. 

Kagawa, I. Gregor, H. P. (1957). Theory of the effect of counter ion size upon titration behavior of polycarboxylic acids. Journal of Polymer Science, 23, 477-84. 

Addition Polymers. The most commonly referenced reaction of isocyanates involves their addition to polyhydroxyl, polyamine, or polycarboxylic acid compounds to yield addition polymers. Due to the wide diversity of raw material characteristics and the broad range of functionality, polyurethane polymers having a wide range of processing and performance characteristics are available. 

Reichert and Mathias prepared related branched aramids, to those of Kim,t5-34] from 3,5-dibromoaniline (23) under Pd-catalyzed carbonylation conditions (Scheme 6.7). These brominated hyperbranched materials (24) were insoluble in solvents such as DMF, DMAc, and NMP, in contrast to the polyamine and polycarboxylic acid terminated polymers that Kim synthesized, which were soluble. This supports the observation that surface functionality plays a major role in determining the physical properties of hyperbranched and dendritic macromolecules J4,36 A high degree of cross-linking could also significantly effect solubility. When a four-directional core was incorporated into the polymerization via tetrakis(4-iodophenyl)adamantanc,1371 the resultant hyperbranched polybromide (e.g., 25) possessed enhanced solubility in the above solvents, possibly as a result of the disruption of crystallinity and increased porosity. 

When hydrolyzed in water, the resulting diacid exhibits two pKs ( 3 and 8) the half ester as expected has one pKa typical of polycarboxylic acids. A cross-linked version of this polymer, referred to as Stabileze, thickens a variety of formulations by expanding its hydrodynamic volume when neutralized. Because of the low pKa of the vicinal diacids, Stabileze acquires a negative charge at lower pH than competitive cross-linked polyacrylic acids (carbomers). This allows for efficient thickening at lower pHs similar to that found on moist skin, which in turn allows products to perform at optimum pH as desired by skin-care product formulators (63). 

A. C. Ibay and L. P. Tenney, Polymers from hydroxy acids and polycarboxylic acids, US Patent 5206341, assigned to Southern Research Institute, November 21,2011. 

Polyesters. Polyesters are polymers obtained by reacting monomeric polycarboxylic acid and polyalcohols. They are practically free of fatty acids (oils) and have a much simpler structure than that of alkyd. Polyester resins do not undergo oxidative polymerization (curing) and have a different curing mechanism than an alkyd. 

As coalification progresses, cross-linking increases and the lignin-derived polymers become more aromatic. Phenolic polycarboxylic acids and hydroxynaphthalene dicarboxylic acids which were identified are not found in the CuO-NaOH oxidation products of lignins and plant materials. 

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 88, No.6, 9th May 2003, p. 1567-72 DURABLE ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENT OF COTTON FABRICS USING N-(2-HYDROXY)PROPYL-3-TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHITOSAN CHLORIDE AND POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS Yotmg Ho Kim chang Woo Nam Jae Won Choi ... 

---