Polyaniline self-assembly

Xia H, Cheng D, Xiao C, Chan HS (2006). Controlled synthesis of Y-junction polyaniline nanorods and nanotubes using in situ self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 6 3950-3954. 

Conducting polymer blends based upon polyaniline (PANI) are a new class of materials in which the percolation threshold for the onset of electrical conductivity can be reduced to volume fractions well below that required for classical percolation (16% by volume for globular conducting objects dispersed in an insulating matrix in three dimensions) [277,278], The origin of this remarkably low threshold for the onset of electrical conductivity is the self-assembled network morphology of the PANI poly blends, which forms during the course of liquid-liquid phase separation [61],... 

A few groups examined larger systems by in situ STM. Examples include the deposition of polymers, polypyrrole, polyaniline,and polymethylthiophene. Hagenstrom et al. reported studies on imaging of self-assembled monolayers (SAM). "" They showed the possibihty of imaging detailed stmetures, and order-disorder transitions in dependence on electrochemical parameters. 

Since multiple electrical and optical luiiclioiialily must be combined in the fabrication of an OLED, many workers have turned to the techniques of molecular self-assembly in order to optimize the microstructure of the materials used. In turn, such approaches necessitate the incorporation of additional chemical fimctionality into the molecules. For example, the successive dipping of a substrate into solutions of polyanion and polycation leads to the deposition of poly-ionic bilayers [59, 60]. Since the precursor form of PPV is cationic, this is a very appealing way to tailor its properties. Anionic polymers that have been studied include sulfonated polystyrene [59] and sulfonated polyaniline [59, 60]. Thermal conversion of the precursor PPV then results in an electroluminescent blended polymer film. 

We have employed a related approach in generating films containing alternating layers of the anionic, water-soluble sulfonated polyaniline PMAS 9 and the polycation, poly(vinylpyridine).164 The analogous self-assembly of multilayer films of the sulfonated SPAN 8 and the light-sensitive polycation, diazoresin, has also been described recently.165... 

FIG. 26 Normalized feedback current-distance curves obtained with 25 /zm Pt tip in 2 mM Fe(phen)3+ and 100 mM HC1 above a monolayer of polyaniline immobilized by a sulfonate terminated self-assembled monolayer on a gold substrate. (From Ref. 64. Copyright 1998 American Chemical Society.)... 

C. N. Sayre and D. M. Collard, Depostion of polyaniline on micro-contact printed self-assembled monolayers of w-functionalized alkanethiols, J. Mater. Chem., 7, 909, 1997. 

Li D., Jiang Y., Wu Z., Chen X., and Li Y., Self-assembly of polyaniline ultrathin films based on doping-induced deposition effect and applications for chemical sensors. Sens. Actuators B, 66, 125-127, 2000. 

Self-assemble monolayers Tin oxide Sulphur dioxide Sulfonated polyaniline Tantalum oxide Titanium oxide... 

Figure 2.15 The highly oriented conducting PANI-NFs formed in the complexes of the PAN emeraldine base with a phosphoric acid-terminated PEO (from Table of Contents of Reference 302). (Reprinted with permission from Macromolecules, Highly Oriented Nanowires from the Hierarchical Self-Assembly in Supramolecular Complex of Polyaniline with Lu-Methoxypoly(ethylene oxide) Phosphates by B. Nandan,J.-Y. Hsu, A. Chiba etai, 40,3, 395-398. Copyright (2007) American Chemical Society)...

B. Nandan, J.-Y. Hsu, A. Chiba, H.-L. Chen, C.-S. Liao, S.-A. Chen, and H. Hasegawa, Highly oriented nanowires from the hierarchical self-assembly in supramolecular complex of polyaniline with )-methoxypoly(ethylene oxide) phosphates. Macromolecules, 40, 395-398 (2007). 

Y. Long, L. Zhang, Y. Ma, Z. Chen, N. Wang, Z. Zhang, and M. Wan, Electrical conductivity of an individual polyaniline nanotube synthesized by a self-assembly method, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 24, 938-942 (2003). 

N. J. Pinto, P. L. Carrion, A. M. Ayala, and M. Oitiz-Marciales, Temperature depeudeuce of the resistance of self-assembled polyaniline nanotubes doped with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfouic acid, Synth. Met., 148, 271 274 (2005). 

L. Zhang and M. Wan, Chiral polyaniline nanotubes synthesized via a self-assembly process. Thin Solid Films, 477, 24-31 (2005). 

R.-H. Lee, H.-H. Lai, J.-J. Wang, R.-J. Jeng, and J.-J. Lin, Self-doping effects on the morphology, electrochemical and conductivity properties of self-assembled polyanilines. Thin Solid Films, 517, 500-505 (2008). 

Z. Ding, R. P. Currier, Y. Zhao, and D. Yang, Self-assembled polyaniline nanotubes with rectangular cross-sections, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 210, 1600-1606 (2009). 

C. Laslau, Z. D. Zujovic, L. Zhang, G. A. Bowmaker, and J. Travas-Sejdic, Morphological evolution of self-assembled polyaniline nanostuctures obtained by pH-stat chemical oxidation, Chem. Mater., 21, 954-962 (2009). 

G. Ciric-Maijanovic, V. Dondur, M. Milojevic, M. Mojovic, S. Mentus, A. Radulovic, Z. Vukovic, and J. Stejskal, Synthesis and characterization of conducting self-assembled polyaniline nanotubes/zeolite nanocomposite, Langmuir, 25, 3122-3131 (2009). 

K. Huang, Y. Zhang, Y. Long, J. Yuan, D. Han, Z. Wang, L. Niu, andZ. Chen, Preparation of highly conductive, self-assembled gold/polyaniline nanocables and polyaniline nanotubes, Chem. Eur. J., 12, 5314-5319 (2006). 

G. Li, C. Zhang, and H. Peng, Facile synthesis of self-assembled polyaniline nanodisks, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 29, 63-67 (2008). 

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