Polyamine catabolizing enzymes

The Mammalian Polyamine Catabolic Enzymes and Their Metabolites... 

However, accurately determining the activity of polyamine catabolizing enzymes is not an easy task. For instance, tissue extracts contain a number of acetyltransfer-ases and their substrates as well as a number of oxidases and their substrates that may... 

Polyamines (namely spermidine) are oxidatively deaminated not only by the action of copper amine oxidases. Flavin-containing polyamine oxidases (PAOs, EC 1.5.3.-) are also involved in their catabolism. An alternative grouping divides both above mentioned catabolic enzymes into those that act on the primary amino group of di- and polyamines (diamine oxidases) and those that act on the secondary amino group of polyamines (polyamine oxidases) [15], As suggested by Morgan, the latter should be further subdivided according to whether propane-1,3-diamine or 3-aminopropanal is the reaction product [16]. 

Translational control of polyamine catabolism has been reported in mammals (Ivanov et al. 2010 Perez-Leal and Merali 2012). Spermidine/spermine V -acetyltransferase (SSAT) is the rate-Umiting enzyme for PA catabolism and is... 

Moriya S, Iwasald K, Samejima K, Takao K, Kohda K, Hiramatsu K, Kaweikita M (2012) A mass spectrometric method to determine activities of enzymes involved in polyamine catabolism. Anal CWm Acta 478 45-52... 

Fig. 24.1 Polyamine and glutathione metaboUc pathway differences in parasite and mammalian ceU enzymes involved in polyamine biosynthesis (purple font inside solid ovcds), catabolic enzymes black font inside dashed ovals), and enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism (red font inside solid ovals). ODC ornithine decarboxylase, AdoMetDC S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, SpdSyn spermidine synthase, SpmSyn spermine synthase, SMO spermine oxidase, SSAT spermidine/spermine N acetyltransferase, APAO JV acetyl polyamine oxidase, yGCS...

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase catalyzes the conversion of adenine to AMP in many tissues, by a reaction similar to that of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, but is quite distinct from the latter. It plays a minor role in purine salvage since adenine is not a significant product of purine nucleotide catabolism (see below). The function of this enzyme seems to be to scavenge small amounts of adenine that are produced during intestinal digestion of nucleic acids or in the metabolism of 5 -deoxy-5 -methylthioadenosine, a product of polyamine synthesis. 

Diamine oxidase (DAO) is a highly active degradative enzyme of the polyamine metabolic pathways, catabolizes a variety of substrates including histamine and diamines, and is localized to the mature villus epithelial cells of rodent intestinal mucosa (Wolvekamp and de Bruin 1994 John-Baptiste et al. 2012). Although blood DAO activity level correlates with both DAO expression in the villi of the small intestinal mucosa and the severity of small intestinal mucosal lesions induced by anticancer drugs, DAO measurement is confounded by the fact that plasma levels rise markedly upon heparin stimulation prior to blood draws, with peak elevations between 30 and 60 min (Luk et al. 1980, 1981 Tsunooka et al. 2004). 

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