Poly /polyamide-6 PVDF

Poly capro lactone PET Poly (ethylene terephthalate) PA Polyamide PVDF ... 

The materials used in nonwoven fabrics include a single polyolefin, or a combination of polyolefins, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), polyvinylidine fluoride (PVdF), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Nonwoven fabrics have not, however, been able to compete with microporous films in lithium-ion cells. This is most probably because of the inadequate pore structure and difficulty in making thin (<25 /rm) nonwoven fabrics with acceptable physical properties. 

Membrane permeation properties are largely governed by the pore sizes and the pore size distributions of UF membranes. Rather, thermal, chemical, mechanical, and biological stability are considered of greater importance. Typical UF membrane materials are polysulfone (PS), poly(ether sulfone), poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), cellulose acetate and other cellulose esters, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(vinyKdene fluoride) (PVDF), polyimide (PI), poly(etherimide) (PEI), and aliphatic polyamide (PA). All these polymers have a Tg higher than 145 °C except for celliflose esters. They are also stable chemically and mechanically, and their biodegradabflity is low. The membranes are made by the dry-wet phase inversion technique. 

MF and UF membranes can be polymeric or inorganic. Membrane materials must be chemical resistant to both feed and cleaning solutions, mechanically and thermally stable, and characterized by high selectivity and permeability. Polysulfone (PS), polyethersulfone (PES), polyamide (PA), cellulose acetate (CA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(vinylidene F ) (PVDF) and polypropylene (PP) are typical materials commonly used to cast the membrane. Alumina, zirconia and ceramic materials are usually used as inorganic materials. 

Zeng et al. (2013) have demonstrated a fibre nanogenerator made from a PVDF-NaNbOs nanofibre non-woven web, which is capable of generating a peak open-circuit voltage of 3.4 V and a peak current of 4.4 pA in a cyclic compression test. The non-woven web was sandwiched between elastic-conducting knitted fabrics made from segmented polyurethane yams wrapped with silver-coated polyamide multifilament yams. The whole device was packaged between layers of poly dime thy Isi-loxane to enhance its mechanical robustness. 

Fig. 5 The ratio of the relevant component of the piezoelectric coefficient d and the respective polarization is plotted vs. the reciprocal of the respective elastic modulus Y (i.e., the relevant component of the elastic compliance). From left to right Literature data for inorganic ferroelectrics squares) barium titanate (BaTiOs), lead zirconate titanate (PZT), and lead zirconate niobate (PZN). Ferroelectric polymers triangles) polyamide-11 (PA-11), poly(vinylidene cyanide-vinyl acetate) (P(VDCN-VAc)), polyurea-5, poly(vinylidene fiuoride (PVDF)), poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), and poly(vinylidene-hexafiuoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)). Polymer ferroelectrets circles) cellular polypropylene (cellular-PP) and tubular-channel poly (fluoro-ethylene-propylene) (FEP) (Qiu et al. 2014)...

In comparison with other nanomaterials, electrospun nanofibers are featured with good continuity, extremely large length-to-diameter ratio, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, and ease of surface functionalization. Meanwhile, multiple extra functions can be incorporated into electrospun nanofibers fo broaden their significances in applications. Because of this, we have found in the open literature that more than 50 polymers have been successfully fabricated into sensors, involving polyamide-6 (PA-6), polyamide-6,6 (PA-6,6), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyurethane (PU), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), Ti02, ZnO, cellulose acetate (CA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polystyrene (PS), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF), etc. (Fig. 11.1). 

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