Poly nonisothermal crystallization

Finally, poly(a-PIN) was used in the nonisothermal crystallization of isotactic polypropylene from blends containing up to 30 per cent of this polyterpene [110-112]. 

Xu, W., Liand, G., Wang, W., Tang, S., He, R, and Pan, W.-P. 2003. Poly(propylene)-poly(propylene)-grafted maleic anhydride-organic montmoriUonite (PP-PP-g-MAH-Org-MMT) nanocomposites. II. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics. 

Sodium benzoate, nucleating agerrt for a-form of iPP, increases the crystallization temperature of iPP by 15 C and decreases its isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization half-times at concentrations that approach its eqirilibrirrm solubihty in the molten poly-... 

Li Z-M, Yang W, Li L B, Xie B H, Huang R and Yang M B (2004) Morphology and nonisothermal crystallization of in situ microfibrillar poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polypropylene blend fabricated trough slit-extrusion, hot-stretch quenching, J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 42 374-385. 

Quan H, Li Z M, Yang M B and Lu Z Y (2005) Nonisothermal crystallization nucleation of in situ fibrillar and spherical inclusions in poly (phenylene sulfide)/isotactic polypropylene blends, J Macromol Sci Part B Phys 44 761-778. 

Yongsok Seo and Sehyun Kim. "Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of poly (aryl ether ether ketone)." Polymer Engineering and Science, pp. 940-945, 2001. 

S. F. Hsu, T. M. Wu, and C. S. Liao, Nonisothermal crystallization behavior and crystalline stmcture of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites. Journal of Polymer Science, Part B Polymer Physics, 45 (2007), 995-1002. 

Lim JY, Kim J, Kim S, Kwak S, Lee Y, Seo Y (2015) Nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of nanocomposites of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Polymer 62 11-18... 

Figure 2.42 shows the nonisothermal crystallization curve of poly(butylene terephthalate) at a cooling rate of 10°C/min.The peak is considerably broader than the crystallization peak of low-molecular-mass substances. When performing such experiments, usually three characteristic temperatures are reported the starting temperature of crystallization (Tea), the extrapolated onset temperature of crystallization (Te onset), uud the peak temperature of crystallization (rq,).The peak temperature of crystallization is important from a practical perspective, because it indicates the maximum rate of crystallization at a given cooling rate. 

Figure 2.42. Melting and nonisothermal crystallization curve of poly(butylene tere-phthalate) at a heating and cooling rates of 10°C/min (sample from Scientific Polymeric Products Polymer Kit). Considerable supercooling r = 226.5°C, = 2(X).0°C.

The nonisothermal crystallization process of isotactic poly(butene-l) as a function of cooling rate was investigated by Silvestre et al. [77]. The samples were melted at 160°C for ten minutes and cooled to room temperature at different rates 0.5, 1, 2 and 4°C/min. The induction time and the time required for the completion of the phase transition were found to decrease with cooling rate. The calculated CRC parameter was 18 h. ... 

Durmus, A., N. Ercan, G. SoyuboL H. Dehgoz, and A. Ka g6z. 2009. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/clay nanocomposites prepared by melt processing. Polymer Composites NA-NA. doi 10.1002/pc.20892. http //doi.wiley. com/10.1002/pc.20892. 

Fig. 4 Effect of hyperbranched poly(ether ether ketone) (HPEEK) concentration on nonisothermal crystallization of linear poly (ether ether ketone) (LPEEK) at 10°C/min. Reproduced with permission from [251]...

Tang H, Chen J-B, Wang Y, Xu J-Z, Hsiao BS, Zhong G-J, Li Z-M (2012) Shear flow and carbon nanotubes syneigistically induced nonisothermal crystallization of poly (lactic acid) and its application in injection molding. Biomacromolecules 13(11) 3858—3867... 

Hieber has shown that a number of studies of nonisothermal crystallization of isotactic poly(propylene) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) can be treated by the Nakamura model.(88a) This model has also been shown to hold for syndiotactic poly(styrene) and poly(caprolactone). (98,98a) The results for linear polyethylene have not been conclusive. All of the studies have involved unfractionated polymers. In one study curvature was observed in the Ozawa type plot.(89) In another study, with a different sample, the Nakamura model was shown to hold.(88)... 

S. W. Lee and M. Cakmak. Growth habits and kinetics of crystallization of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) under isothermal and nonisothermal con-... 

Ming Chen and Chia-Ting Chung. "Analysis of crystallization kinetics of poly(ether ether ketone) by a nonisothermal method." Journal of Polymer Science Part B Polymer Physics, pp. 2393-2399,1998. 

Figure 2.43. A full DSC curve of quenched (amorphous) poly(ethylene terephthalate) recorded at a heating rate of 10°C/min the glass transition (at 80°C) is followed by cold crystallization and melting of crystals formed in nonisothermal cold crystallization. The baseline during the transition was drawn to show that the crystallization process lasts to the beginning of melting. Endotherm is down. (Menczel, tmpnbhshed results.)...

Spirals on a poly(butene-l) lamellar structure grown from solution are seen in the TEM micrgraphs in Fig. 24 [205]. Spiral growths are frequently found when crystallization is carried out nonisothermally or at high degrees of supercooling. 

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