Poly -modified glass surfaces

Besides the classical polymer introduced by Merrifield (1%-crosslinked chloromethylated polystyrene), a broad variety of polymeric supports is available for SPPS and some of the most popular resins are summarized in Table 1. The chemical structures of some selected resins are presented in Figure 1 and electron micrographs of several examples are displayed in Figure 2. In addition to the solid supports listed in Table 1, there are several other carriers used in peptide synthesis such as the gel-type and macroporous poly(meth-acrylates), coated surfaces like polystyrene films on polyethylene (PEt) sheets, polystyrene-coated polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene, and modified glass surfaces. (For recent reviews on polymeric carriers see refs . )... 

Quaternary pyridinium polymers can show biological activity when bound to surfaces, e.g., poly(4-vinyl pyridine)-modified glass surfaces which were modified using different alkyl bromide derivatives. Suitable polymers for antibacterial applications not only exhibit antibacterial activity, but also non-toxicity to human cells (i.e., selectivity). 

Polymer chemistry is important in obtaining adhesion to the glass surface (Figure 10). The tensile reinforcement factor—the ratio of tensile strengths of the reinforced system to the matrix resin—is used as a measure of adhesion. Two dissimilar polymers, polypropylene and nylon, are used to illustrate the importance of polymer chemistry. Polypropylene is an inherently difficult polymer to reinforce because of its nonpolar nature and lack of reactivity. Nylon, on the other hand, is highly polar and is one of the easiest thermoplastics to reinforce. The modified poly-... 

The density of immobilized proteins was successfully improved when a dendrimer-activated surface was used.24 Poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers were bound to the Si and glass surface that was modified with l,l -carbonyldiimidazole under anhydrous conditions. Due to the high concentration of charged amine groups of dendrimers, this method provides a fine platform for high density protein immobilization. 

Fig. 1 Comparison of a conventional DNA-attachment scheme and the silanized nucleic acid strategy. A In conventional deposition methods the slides are universally coated with silane or poly-lysine, then oligonucleotides or cDNA is deposited on the modified surface. The areas on the chip that are not occupied with DNA will have to be blocked in hybridization experiments. B The DNA or oligonucleotides are modified with a silyl group that can directly immobilize the DNA onto an unmodified glass surface...

Jitianu, A. Doyle, J. Amatucci, G. Klein, L. C., Methyl Modified SUoxane Melting Gels for Hydrophobic Films. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 2010,53, 272-279. Marinova, K. G. Christova, D. Tscholakova, S. Efremov, E. Denkov, N. D., Hydrophilization of Glass Surface by Adsorption of Poly(dimethylsiloxane). 

Siloxane elastomers present an attractive alternative to the butadiene acrylonitrile elastomers most often used for epoxy modification. Poly(dimethyl siloxanes) exhibit glass transition temperatures well below those of butadiene acrylonitrile modifiers (minimum —123 °C vs. about —40 °C) and also display very good thermal stability13, 14). Other favorable and potentially useful attributes include good weatherability, oxidative stability, and moisture resistance. Finally, the non-polar nature and low surface energy of poly(dimethyl siloxanes) constitute a thermodynamic driving force... 

In 1996, Gauglitz and coworkers coated surfaces with various amino-and carboxy-substituted polymers [198], The polymers tested were branched poly-(ethyleneimine), a,co-amino-functionalized PEG, chitosan, poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) and an amino-modified dextran. The amino-substituted polymers were immobilized on glass by first immobilizing an aminosilane, followed by succinic anhydride/A-hydroxysuccinimide linker chemistry. Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) was directly coupled to an aminosilanized surface. When probed with 1 mg mL 1 ovalbumin solution, nonspecific adsorption was lowest for the dextran derivative. Notably, nonspecific adsorption increased in most cases when a hydrophobic hapten (atrazine) was coupled to the polymer-modified surface. 

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