Poly -graft-polyether

PHD polymer polyols are a special class of filled polyols developed successfully by Bayer, PHD being the abbreviation of the German name polyharnstoff dispersion or polyurea dispersions [67-69]. PHD polyols contain organic urea, oligomeric or polymeric polyurea, finely dispersed in liquid polyether polyols [67-73]. The difference between PHD polyols and graft polyether polyols is the different nature of the solid polymer dispersed (it is a heterocatenary polymer - polyurea - instead of carbocatenary polymer) which is obtained by another synthetic procedure (polyaddition reaction between a diisocyanate and a diamine instead of radical polymerisation). The reaction between the diisocyanate and the diamine, takes place in situ (reaction 6.19), in liquid poly ether. The resultant polyurea being insoluble in polyether, precipitates in the form of very fine particles ... 

Several soUd polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on copolymers have been prepared and complexed with Uthium salts to prepare polymer electrolytes for Uthium batteries. Incorporation of 10 to 20% poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) units in PEO depresses considerably the crystalUnity of the materials. In addition to copolymer containing polyether grafted polyether, polysiloxane and polyphosphazene backbones have been used. Polymer... 

In a similar way, the grafting-from technique has been applied to the synthesis of poly(chloroethylvinylether) chains by grafted PCL segments, i.e., po-ly(CEVE-g-CL) graft copolymers. Purposely cationically prepared PCEVE were partially modified by the introduction of 5-10% hydroxyl groups [79]. An equimolar reaction of the pendant hydroxyl functions with HAI/BU2 provided diisobutyl aluminum monoalkoxides dispersed along the polyether backbone. 

Rigid impact poly (vinyl chloride) can be made either by polyblending or by grafting. P. Dreyfuss, M. P. Dreyfuss, and H. A. Tucker, discuss in their chapter polyblends of poly (vinyl chloride) with polyethers. F. Wollrab, F. Declerck, J. Dumoulin, M. Obsomer, and P. Georlette review grafting of vinyl chloride upon polyethylene, ethylene/ propylene rubber, and chlorohydrin rubber. 

Carbanions can react with Cl in PVC macromolecules [295] and with the ester group of PMMA [284]. The rates of the two reactions are probably not very different by the addition of a-methylstyrene tetramer dianion to a PVC + PMMA solution, the copolymer poly(vinyl chloride)-gro/ir-poly-(methyl methacrylate) was obtained [296]. Macrocations formed by the reaction of strong acids with polyalkenes (see Chap. 3, Sect. 3.2) react with polyethers (polysiloxanes) yielding graft and block copolymers, e. g. poly(propylene)-0ra/ir-poly (oxyethylene) [297], poly(propylene)- /ocA -... 

MA can be used as comonomer together with the vinylic monomers (ternary copolymerisation ACN - styrene - MA) and the graft species is formed in situ by the reaction of the resulting copolymer ACN - styrene - MA with the polyether polyol, by its terminal hydroxyl groups. Another variant is to use a styrene - MA copolymer as NAD. This copolymer proved to be a very good NAD for high styrene content polymer dispersions in polyethers. Of course the real NAD is made by the reaction of a MA unit with the terminal hydroxyl group of the poly ether [57]. 

Materials studied include polyesters and polyethers [73], PMMA [74], star-shaped styrene block copolymers [75, 76], PC [77], isoprene-styrene graft copolymers [76], polyethylene oxide-maleic anhydride-vinyl methyl ether copolymers [78], polybutylene terephthalate [79], PE [80], (phenoxymethyl)thizrane [81], polytrimethylene carbonate [82], polybutylene succinate [83], polymethyldiundecenylsilane [84], poly(N-vinyl carbazole) [85], titanium-containing copolymers [86], styrene-macro zwitterion polymers [87], and poly(octadecene-alt-maleic anhydride) [88]. 

---