Other Coupling Reactions

Coupling of xanthene with P-keto esters catalysed by a combination of nickel and iron. 

Handbook of Functionalized Organometallics Applications in Synthesis, ed. P. Knochel, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005, voL 1 and 2. 

Murahashi, Science of Synthesis, Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 2004, vol. 19. 

Privileged Chiral Ligands and Catalysts, ed. Q.-L. Zhou, Wiley-VCH, Wein-heim, 2011. 

Efficient Preparations of Fluorine Compounds, ed. H. W. Roesky, Wiley, Hoboken, 2013. 

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Other coupling reactions were also employed to prepare poly(arylene etherjs. Polymerization of bis(aryloxy) monomers was demonstrated to occur in the presence of an Fe(III) chloride catalyst via a cation radical mechanism (Scholl reaction).134 This reaction also involves carbon-carbon bond formation and has been used to prepare soluble poly(ether sulfone)s, poly(ether ketone)s, and aromatic polyethers. 

The stereospecific preparation of Z- ,/l-dill uorostyrenes was accomplished by Davis and Burton via modification of the Heinze methodology, as illustrated in equation 4937,38. The Z- /,/i -di II uorostyrenes could be readily converted to other synthons, such as E- /i-di -/ -iodostyrenes ( -FIC=CFPh) and -a, / -difluoro-/ -tributylstannanes (E-PhFC=CFSnBu3), by known literature reactions38, and which could be utilized as synthons in other coupling reactions. 

N2)Os-(NH3)4(CO)]4+ has also been prepared by the oxidative coupling of amine ligands (58). Other coupling reactions have been used to prepare trans,trans-[ (CH3CN)(NH3)4Os(N2)Os(NH3)4(NCCH3) ]5+ from [Osvi(NH3)4(N)] under UV/Vis irradiation in acetonitrile (269). 

The method illustrated here may be applicable to many other coupling reactions between terminally functionalized polypropylenes and monofunctional or difunctional living polymers, yielding well-defined block copolymers of AB or ABA types containing a polypropylene segment. 

Presumably these and other coupling reactions promoted by Sm11 compounds proceed through intermediates containing Sm—R bonds. 

Cyclotrimerization and Other Coupling Reactions of Titana- and Zirconacycles on the Way to Carbocycles 1252... 

As was the case in the other coupling reactions, nonphosphine-based catalysts have also been applied in amination chemistry. In particular, N-heterocyclic carbenes such as (9) have provided successful results for a wide variety of amination transformations. Similarly, catalysts based upon phosphinous acid ligands (e g. (11)) have also found success in the amination of aryl chloride substrates. ... 

This bimolecular coupling is a structure-sensitive reaction, and it illustrates a key characteristic of metal oxides multiple coordinative unsaturation of surface metal cations may facilitate coupling of ligands in a manner similar to that for unsaturated metal complexes in solution. Examples of other coupling reactions... 

Other coupled reactions involving Cr(VI) have been discussed by Westheimer, Medalia, and Beattie and Haight. If a 1-equivalent reductant such as Fe(II) reacts with Cr(VI), the first step presumably involves the formation of Cr(V) ... 

An organometallic equivalent that opens epoxides is a hydrosilane, for example, MeaSiH, and carbon monoxide, catalyzed by dicobalt octacarbonyl See 10-55 for other coupling reactions with organosilanes. Silyl enol ethers react with epoxides in a related reaction, but a Lewis acid, such as TiCl4, is required. ... 

The first reaction is then called the coupled and the second the coupling reaction. Thermodynamic coupling thus allows the coupled reaction to proceed in a direction opposite to that dictated by its affinity. This is, however, only possible when there exist other coupling reactions which proceed at a sufficient rate. We shall come across this coupling in another form in the last volume of this work in the study of thermal diffusion in which diffusion plays a role analogous to the coupled reaction, while the thermal conductivity corresponds to the coupling reaction. 

Coupling reactions. The Suzuki coupling involving chloroarenes uses (dbajjPdj, /-BujP, and CsjCOj. For other coupling reactions (e.g., Stille coupling) good results are obtained in supercritical carbon dioxide. ... 

Other coupling reactions. A model study has demonstrated the utility of intramolecular Heck reaction in the construction of the morphine skeleton. It is surprising that only the desirable regioisomer is formed. 

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