Pollution and waste disposal

Examples of industrial chemical waste are given in Table 13.1. Common industrial sources of pollution are given in Table 13.2. Since waste can result in pollution, the two terms are often used synonymously. Wastes can be in the form of solid, liquid or gas, or any combination, e.g. solid waste comprises liquid slurries, sludges, thixotropic solids and solids of varying particle sizes. Typical examples are given in Table 13.3. 

Pollutants may enter the environment via air, water or land and prove  

Damaging to the environment or public health and well-being. 

Technically difficult and expensive to deal with (e.g. to clean up spillages and rectify damage). 

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Control of pollution and waste disposal 349 Auditing 353 Legislative control 353... 

The process of parylene polymerization is presented schematically in Figure 5.2 using parylene N, unsubstituted poly(para-xylylene). Parylene dimer is heated until it sublimes. The dimer vapor passes through a high temperature pyrolysis zone where it cracks and becomes monomer vapor, i.e., monomer is created in vacuum. The monomer polymerizes and deposits in the deposition chamber, which is usually at room temperature. Parylene polymerization completed in a vacuum is a process involving no solvents, no curing, and no liquid phase. Its use essentially eliminates concern about the operator s health and safety, air pollution, and waste disposal. 

This service differs from such activities as IRPTC and lE/PAC in that it covers the wider environmental area and operates on the refenal principle ie, it refers users to information sources and to subject experts. Since it provides access to a great deal of material which is not formally published, INFOTERRA can be a valuable source of information on chemicals and the environment. Many of the participating organisations have expertise in chemical-related topics, eg, pollution and waste disposal. It is particularly suitable for multi-disciplinary topics and hence will be of value when a risk assessment has to take account of a wide range of factors. 

The Earth is a closed system, in that its materials resources are finite to some degree, the same may be said of energy resources. Environmental issues involve eeologieal damage, pollution, and waste disposal. 

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