PM, Plasma membrane

Figure 12.2 Copper chaperone function, (a) Copper homeostasis in Enterococcus hirae is affected by the proteins encoded by the cop operon. CopA, Cu1+-import ATPase CopB, Cu1+-export ATPase CopY, Cu1+-responsive repressor copZ, chaperone for Cu1+ delivery to CopY. (b) The CTR family of proteins transports copper into yeast cells. Atxlp delivers copper to the CPx-type ATPases located in the post Golgi apparatus for the maturation of Fet3p. (c) Coxl7p delivers copper to the mitochondrial intermembrane space for incorporation into cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). (d) hCTR, a human homologue of CTR, mediates copper-ion uptake into human cells. CCS delivers copper to cytoplasmic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Abbreviations IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane PM, plasma membrane PGV, post Golgi vessel. Reprinted from Harrison et al., 2000. Copyright (2000), with permission from Elsevier Science.

Figure 2. Electrophoretic profiles of glucan synthase fractions purified from celery. Proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose and stained by colloidal gold. Symbols PM, plasma membranes SOL, CHAPS-solubilized RC, reconstituted glucan synthase preparations. Plasma membranes were isolated by two-phase partitioning. Specific activities of the three membrane preparations were 398, 1355, and 626 nmol/min/mg, respectively. The low specific activity of RC relative to SOL may be a reflection of enzyme instability following the gel filtration step.

Figure 8-17 Working model of the protein-protein interactions in focal adhesions determined by in vitro binding experiments and immunolocalization. In addition, several interactions are of relatively low affinity in solution but may be enhanced at the membrane surface. Abbreviations are ECM, extracellular matrix PM, plasma membrane p-Tyr- , unknown phosphoty-rosine-containing protein R/E/M, member of the radixin/ezrin/moesin family VASP, vasodilator-stimulated phosphopro-tein. Diagram is modified from Simon et al.285...

Membrane-associated cytoskeletal components of cultured mouse cells. (PM = plasma membrane, MF = microfilaments, MT = microtubules 54,000X.) (From G. L. Nicolson, Transmembrane control of the receptors on normal and tumor cells. I. Cytoplasmic influence over cell surface components, Biochem. Biophys. Acta 457 57, 1976. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier Science Publishers.)... 

FIGURE 1.6 The glycocalix, G, of the intestinal brush border. MV, microvillous PM, plasma membrane. (From Wheater, P.R. et al., Wheater s Functional Histology, A Text and Colour Atlas, 3rd ed., Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1993. With permission.)... 

Figure 1. a. Section of untreated control cell of S. cerevisiae. b. Section of S. cerevisiae cell treated with 50 /xg/ml of polygodial for 10 min. CW, cell wall PM, plasma membrane (cell membrane) N, nucleus M, mitochondrion V, vacuole. 

Abbreviations NBD, nucleotide binding domain TMS, transmembrane-spanning segment NTE, N-terminal extension PDR, pleiotropic drug resistance PM, plasma membrane V, vacuole M, mitochondrion P, peroxisome C, cytoplasm LCFA, long chain fatty acid EF, elongation factor. 

Figure 4 Immunogold localization of mannose-terminal glucocerebrosidase in rat liver Kupffer cells 30 minutes after enzyme infusion. Gold particles are concentrated in the lysosomes. Lys = Lysosome M = mitochondrion Nuc = nucleus PM = plasma membrane. Original magnifications (A) x10,000 (B) x33,000. Bars = 1 pm. (From Ref. 24.)...

Schematic representation of the major pathways for the transport of Ca across cellular membranes. PM, plasma membrane ER(SR), endoplasmic reticulum (sarcoplasmic reticulum) M, mitochondria A P, difference in membrane potential. The transport proteins shown are 1 and 2, PM and ER(SR) Ca -ATPases 3 and 4, PM and ER(SR) receptor-mediated Ca " channels 5 and 6, PM and M (inner-membrane) Na /Ca exchangers 7 and 8, PM and M voltage-sensitive Ca channels. In addition, some not-well-defined passive transport pathways are indicated by dashed arrows.

Fig. 13.3 Signaling pathways involved in oxidized phospholipid-induced apoptosis in mammalian smooth muscle and endothelial cells. AIF, apoptosis inducing factor Apaf-1, apoptosis activating factor 1 aSM, acid sphingomyelinase Az-PC azelaoyl acid ester of lyso-PC Cyt c, cytochrome c G-PC, glutaric acid ester of lyso-PC IM, intermembrane space of the mitochondria JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase OV-PC, 5-oxovaleric acid ester of lyso-PC p38, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase PM, plasma membrane...

Fig. 6. Summary of antiviral host responses and Ad countermeasures. The figure is discussed in the text. Adenovirus proteins with known immunomodulatory functions are shaded black the El A activity triggering apoptosis is depicted in gray. For simplicity, potential effects of E1B/19K on Fas-, TRAIL-, and TNF-mediated apoptosis/cytolysis that are controversial are omitted. Also, potential stimulatory or inhibitory effects of 14.7K on NF-kB signaling is not indicated. Trimers of TNF, FasL, and TRAIL exist as membrane-bound and secreted forms. Abbreviations AfO, macrophages Ahs. antibodies PM. plasma membrane (7, Golgi M, mitochondrion...

Figure 2. Electron micrographs of thin-sectioned wildtype and mutant cells. CW = cell wall (the four layers are depicted) G = glycogen granulae PM = plasma membrane PPr = polyphosphate body remnant ...

LPS — Lipopolysacharide PPG — Peptidoglycan PPS — Periplasmic space PM — Plasma membrane... 

There are several mammalian members of alkali cation ATPases the Na,K ATPases, the H,K ATPases, the SERCA (sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum), Ca -transport ATPases, and the PM (plasma membrane) Ca ATPase. The fungal H ATPases also belong to this family. Characteristically, the mammalian enzymes all perform countertransport—exchange of a cellular cation with an extracellular cation. The fungal enzymes transport only H outward. The parietal cell possesses a variety of these small alkali cation ATPases, each subserving a different function, but the pump of clinical interest is the pump responsible for acid secretion, the H,K ATPase. 

Fig. 4.1. Lactic acid bacteria isolated in wine under a scanning electron microscope (Departement de Microscopie Electronique, University of Bordeaux I), (a) Photograph of Lactobacillus plantarum cells (transmission, Lonvaud, 1975) c = cytoplasm pm = plasma membrane cw = cell wall s = septum m = mesosome n = nucleus, (b) Photograph of I uconostoc oenos Oenococcus oeni) (scanning electron microscope).

ER = endolpasmic reticulum, GA = Golgi apparatus, PM = plasma membrane... 

Abbreviations FS free sterol, MF microsomal fraction, PM plasma membrane, TS total sterol... 

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