Platinum nanoparticle, synthesis

Multipods and Dendritic Nanoparticles of Platinum Colloidal Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Property... 

In the early work on the thermolysis of metal complexes for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, the precursor carbonyl complex of transition metals, e.g., Co2(CO)8, in organic solvent functions as a metal source of nanoparticles and thermally decomposes in the presence of various polymers to afford polymer-protected metal nanoparticles under relatively mild conditions [1-3]. Particle sizes depend on the kind of polymers, ranging from 5 to >100 nm. The particle size distribution sometimes became wide. Other cobalt, iron [4], nickel [5], rhodium, iridium, rutheniuim, osmium, palladium, and platinum nanoparticles stabilized by polymers have been prepared by similar thermolysis procedures. Besides carbonyl complexes, palladium acetate, palladium acetylacetonate, and platinum acetylac-etonate were also used as a precursor complex in organic solvents like methyl-wo-butylketone [6-9]. These results proposed facile preparative method of metal nanoparticles. However, it may be considered that the size-regulated preparation of metal nanoparticles by thermolysis procedure should be conducted under the limited condition. 

Wu C, Mosher BP, Zeng T (2006) Rapid synthesis of gold and platinum nanoparticles using metal displacement reduction with sonomechanical assistance. Chem Mater 18 2925-2928... 

Kaifer and coworkers showed interest in the modification of metal nanoparticles with organic monolayers prepared with suitable molecular hosts. They reported the preparation of water-soluble platinum and palladium nanoparticles modified with thiolated /1-cyclodexlrin (/ -CD) [69]. Nanoparticle synthesis was... 

Zhang, FI. and FI. Cui, Synthesis and characterization of functionalized ionic liquid-stabilized metal (gold and platinum) nanoparticles and metal nanoparticle/carbon nanotube hybrids. Langmuir, 2009. 25(5) p. 2604-2612. 

Zhao et al (70) developed a method for the synthesis of dendrimer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles based on sorbing metal ions into (modified) PAMAM dendrimers followed by a reduction. Dendrimers encapsulating copper, palladium, and platinum nanoparticles have been prepared. Hydroxyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimers were used to prepare encapsulated palladium (PAMAM generations 4, 6, and 8) and platinum (PAMAM generations 4 and 6) nanoparticles. The dendrimer-encapsulated palladium and platinum nanocomposites catalyzed the hydrogenation reaction of allyl alcohol and N-isopropyl acrylamide in water 71). 

The deposition-precipitation method as proposed by Haruta et al. (1993) provides another way to synthesize composite materials with noble metal nanoparticles over metal-oxide supports. The synthesis of gold and platinum nanoparticles supported on various metal oxide substrates (such as Ti02, ZnO, Ce02, C03O4 and Fe203) (Bamwenda, Tsubota, Nakamura and Haruta 1995 Boccuzzi, Chiorino, Tsubota and Haruta 1996 Centeno, Carrizosa and Odriozola 2003 Moon, Lee, Park and Hong 2004 Zanella, Delannoy and Louis 2005 Li, Comotti and Schuth 2006) has been continually reported in the past one and a half decades. 

In contrast to standard borohydride reductive nanoparticle synthesis, we have developed an alternative strategy to amino acid encapsulated nanoparticles by utilizing a metal nanoparticle (M°-(Ligand))/metal ion (M"+) precursor redox pair with matched oxidation/reduction potentials. Simply, a metal nanoparticle such as Pt°-(Cys) acts as the principal reductant to a complimentary selected metal ion of Au + resulting in a new stabilized metal nanoparticle of Au°-(Cys) and the oxidation product of the original nanoparticle Pt"+. Malow et al. have reported a metathesis/transmetallation type reaction between a platinum colloid and a Au cyanide compound. Similarly, we employed a Pt°-(Cys)/AuCl4 pair and 0.5-2.0 equivalents of Au to Pt -(Cys). XRD analysis of the nanoparticle products revealed differences in crystallinity... 

Herricks, T., Chen, J. and Xia, Y. (2004). Polyol synthesis of platinum nanoparticles Control of morphology with sodium nitrate. Nano Lett. 4 2367-2371. 

Ahmadi TS, Wang ZL, Green TC, Henglein A, El-Sayed MA (1996) Shape-controlled synthesis of colloidal platinum nanoparticles. Science 272 1924... 

Rioux RM, Song H, Hoefelmeyer JD, Yang P, Somorjai GA (2005) High-surface-area catalyst design synthesis, characterization, and reaction studies of platinum nanoparticles in mesoporous SBA-15 silica. J Phys Chem B 109 2192... 

Kim K S, Demberelnyamba D, Lee H. Size-selective synthesis of gold and platinum nanoparticles using novel thiol-functionahzed ionic liquids. Langmuir. 2004. 20, 556-560. 

The applicability of the Pt deposition precipitation technique (DP) on mesoporous silica has been evaluated and discussed. A detailed synthesis procedure is given, and a suitable support from the SBA-15 family has been identified. The material synthesized at the conditions described here was clearly able to withstand the severe conditions of the DP treatment, indicating improved hydrothermal stability. The incorporation of the active species was accomplished without compromising the structural integrity of the parent material, as monitored by XRD and N2-sorption measurements. Using UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy we were able to detect the platinum surface complex that coexists with platinum nanoparticles on the impregnated solid. 

A. Rodriguez, C. Amiens, B. Chaudret, M. J. Casanove, P. Lecante, and J. S. Bradley. Synthesis and isolation of cuboctahedral and icosahedral platinum nanoparticles, ligand-dependent structures. Chem. Mater, 8 1978-1986, 1996... 

The presence of a secondary thiol functionality in an IL resulted in a one-pot, size-selective synthesis of gold and platinum nanoparticles [36]. TTie diameters could be controlled to be between 2.0 and 3.5 nm, depending on the number of thiol groups. The size distribution in those cases was so small that spontaneous ordering into cubic arrays was observed. In an independent paper, similar thiol-functionalized ILs were used to generate IL-stabilized Au nanoparticles, which showed an extraordinary stability in aqueous dispersions against proteins, high salt concentrations, or the ionic liquid itself [37]. 

Hi) Non-covalent approaches to gold glyconanoparticles. Other protocols have been reported for the synthesis of GNPs in which the carbohydrates are non-covalently attached to the metal eluster. Saceharide-modified hyperbranched poly(ethylenimines) were used to elaborate eopper, silver, gold, and platinum nanoparticles. 12-a-C-Ribofuranosyl and ribopyranosyl dodecanoic acids were heated with silver nitrate in dilute alkaline solution to afford water-soluble 15 nm silver GNPs. ... 

C. Yee, M. Scotti, A. Ulman, H. White, M. Rafailovich, and J. Sokolov, One-phase synthesis of thiol-fimctionahzed platinum nanoparticles, Langmuir, 15 (1999) 4314-4316. 

T. Maiyalagan, Electrochemical synthesis, characterization and electro-oxidation of methanol on platinum nanoparticles supported poly(o-phenylenediamine) nanotubes, J. Power Sources, 179, 443 50 (2008). 

Devi, G. and Rao, V.J. (2000) Room temperature synthesis of coUoidal platinum nanoparticles. Bulletin of Materials Science, 23, 467 70. 

Li, F. H., Li, F, Song, j. X., Song, J. F, Han, D. X., and Niu, L. (2009]. Green synthesis of highly stable platinum nanoparticles stabilized by amino-terminated ionic liquid and its electrocatalysts for dioxygen reduction and methanol oxidation. Electrochem. Common., 11, pp. 351-354. 

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