Plating of plastics

X (mechanical interlocking component) X (interfacial chemical component) 

Wake deduced that the values of the various terms for the present experiments were  

the interfacial chemical component appears twice as important as the mechanical effect. However, as commented by Wake [17], in the experiments of Perrin and Pettett they could remove the interfacial component completely by selecting the appropriate surface treatment, but the mechanical component could only be minimized. Hence, the earlier remark that the adhesion was controlled by mechanical interlocking. 

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Approximately 4500 tons of sodium hypophosphite [7681-53-0] NaH2P02, was produced in 1990. This material is used principally in electroless nickel plating of plastic objects. Of the secondary products made from primary phosphoms compounds, phosphoms oxychloride is manufactured in the largest volume. Phosphoms pentachloride and phosphoms sulfochloride are made from phosphoms trichloride. 

Plating on nonconductors comprises two technologically very different categories plating of plastics and priated circuit productioa. 

Apart from its structural interest, SnCl2 is important as a widely used mild reducing agent in acid solution. The dihydrate is commercially available for use in electrolytic tin-plating baths, as a sensitizer in silvering mirrors and in the plating of plastics, and as a perfume stabilizer in toilet soaps. The anhydrous material can be obtained either by dehydration using acetic... 

The type of shelf design is the next consideration. The shelf can be a solid plate of plastic material, an inverted pan-like structure with reinforcing ribs, a sandwich-type structure with two skins and an expanded core, or even a lattice type sheet that has a series of openings. The choice between these is dictated by a number of factors. One is appearance or aesthetics. 

Use Pharmaceuticals, reducing agent in electrodeless nickel plating of plastics and metals, lab reagent, substitute for sodium nitrite in smoked meats. 

The analysis must be performed in a lead or platinum crucible, since glass and silica crucibles are silica based. In the second step, the crucible is covered with a thin transparent plate of plastic under which a drop of water is suspended and heat is applied. As a response to this, gaseous (boiling point 90°C) silicium fluoride is liberated. 

The electroless deposition technique has a special application in the chromium plating of plastics, particularly for automobiles. A primary nickel coating is nsed to obtain the conducting layer necessary for the subsequent electrodeposition of chrominm or other metals. A common practice is to coat the electroless Ni first with Cu, then with more Ni and finally with very thin Cr, all by electroplating techniques. 

The Corona discharge treatment is especially suitable for the continuous treatment of plastic films, whereas the flame treatment is generally preferred for treating thicker sections snch as bottles. Chromic acid is sometimes used prior to the metal plating of plastics and for treating complex shapes. These three methods are discussed in more detail in Pre-treatments of polyolefins. 

Nickel plating of plastics, especially ABS and mixtures of ABS and polycarbonate, is also possible nowadays. Plating of nonconductive substrates starts with an electroless (autocatalytic) nickel plating. 

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