Platelet activating factor antagonism

Chung KF, Dent G, McCuster M, Guinot P, Page CP, Barnes PJ. Effect of ginkgolide mixture (BN 52063) in antagonizing skin and platelet responses to platelet activating factor in man. Lancet 1987 1 248-251. 

In animal models and some human studies, ginkgo has been shown to increase blood flow, reduce blood viscosity, and promote vasodilation, thus enhancing tissue perfusion. Enhancement of endogenous nitric oxide (see Chapter 19) and antagonism of platelet-activating factor may be involved. 

Corey, E. J. Rao, K. S. Enantioselective total synthesis of ginkgolide derivatives lacking the tert-butyl group, an essential structural subunit for antagonism of platelet activating factor. Tetrahedron l tt., 1991, 32 4623-4626. 

Drazen JM, Austen KF. Effects of intravenous administration of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis, histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandin F 2a on pulmonary mechanics in the guinea pig. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1974 53 1679-1685. Johnson PRA, Armour CLA, Black JL. The action of platelet activating factor and its antagonism by WEB 2086 on human isolated airways. Eur Respir J 1990 3 55-60. 

A series of diterpenes from Sideritis (Lamiaceae) species have anti-inflammatory activity. These plants also contain anti-inflammatory flavonoids (Alcaraz and Rios, 1991). Gingkolides from Ginkgo biloba have anti-inflammatory activity and antagonize platelet aggregation factor (Walton, 1992). 

Graves LM, Bomfeldt KE, Raines EW, Potts BC, Macdonald SG, Ross R, Krebs EG. 1993. Protein kinase A antagonizes platelet-derived growth factor-induced signaling by mitogen activated protein kinase in human arterial smooth muscle cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90 10300-10304. 

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