Plastic laminate materials

To overcome the above problems it is either necessary to use a peel-ply which does not leave contaminants behind, which often means not using release agents and so makes the peel-ply difficult to remove [62], or to 

Peel-ply, polyester based Peel-ply, nylon basedt Peel-ply, nylon based Sandpaper Grit-blast Abrasive disc 

More recently fibre composites have been commercially introduced which 

Vulcanized rubber Solvent wipe Ultrasonic degreasing Hot alkaline rinse Abrasion Chlorination Chemical modification by cyclization 

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ULTRASONIC AND THERMAL STUDIES OF SELECTED PLASTICS LAMINATED MATERIALS, AND METALS. 

Norman E. Beach, (1967) Plastic Laminate Materials - Their Properties and Usage,... 

Contact adhesives are preferred for the plastic laminate materials. Contact cements are available in three types water base, flammable solvent base, and chlorinated solvent non-flanunable base. The vast majority of these contact cements utilize neoprenes as the basic elastomer. Attempts have been made by some manufacturers to formulate acrylic contact cements, but as of this writing none of these are in general use in the construction industry. 

In a variant of the horizontal form/fill/seal operation, the material, moving in a horizontal direction, is folded on itself vertically. Vertical sections of the two faces are heat-sealed to each other to form a pouch, which may then be filled. The pouch, usually made from film or paper bonded to aluminum foil plus a plastic laminant and heat sealant, is closed by a heat seal. This type of pouch gives high moisture and oxygen protection and is used for moisture-and flavor-sensitive condiments and beverage mixes. 

Some common flake-shaped LCMs consist of shredded cellophane and paper, mica (qv), rice hulls, cottonseed hulls, or laminated plastic. These materials He flat across the opening to be sealed or are wedged into an opening such as a fracture. Some are sufficiently strong to withstand considerable differential pressure, whereas others are weak and the seal may be broken easily. Weaker flake materials typically are used near the surface or in combination with fibrous or granular additives. 

The type of varnish used in the process depends on the kraft paper manufacturer and basis weight of the papers the machine, temperature, and control (scraper bars, squeeze roUs) used the method of cutting the paper to size the laminate being produced (post-forming or regular) and the press-cure cycle (see Laminated materials, plastic). 

Waterproof Finishes. Waterproofing results from coating a fabric and filling the pores with film-forming material such as varnish, mbber, nitroceUulose, wax, tar, or plastic. The materials may be appHed as hot melts, eg, waxes or some polymers, as solvent solutions, or as aqueous latexes. The continuity of the film provides the water resistance. Except for tents, tarpauHns, and covers, coated fabrics have been largely replaced by plastics, and by fabrics treated with water and oU repeUents that do not reduce permeabUity to air and water vapor. Eabrics are also commonly laminated to films, such that the total stmeture is waterproof (15), or in some cases water-resistant but breathable (16). 

Lamination. la lamination a film is prepared by caleaderiag or extmsioa (see Laminated materials, plastic). It is thea adhered to a textile at a laminator by either an adhesive or sufficient heat which partially melts the film to obtain a mechanical bond. There are a variety of adhesives available for lamination, including solvent systems, water-base latex systems, and various forms of hot melt adhesives (qv). 

Plasticizers. Plasticizers are materials that soften and flexibilize inherently rigid, and even britde polymers. Organic esters are widely used as plasticizers in polymers (97,98). These esters include the benzoats, phthalates, terephthalates, and trimeUitates, and aUphatic dibasic acid esters. Eor example, triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylbutyrate) [95-08-9] is a plasticizer for poly(vinyl butyral) [63148-65-2] which is used in laminated safety glass (see Vinyl POLYMERS, poly(vinyl acetals)). Di(2-ethyUiexyl)phthalate [117-81-7] (DOP) is a preeminent plasticizer. Variation of acid and/or alcohol component(s) modifies the efficacy of the resultant ester as a plasticizer. In phthalate plasticizers, molecular sizes of the alcohol moiety can be varied from methyl to tridecyl to control permanence, compatibiUty, and efficiency branched (eg, 2-ethylhexyl, isodecyl) for rapid absorption and fusion linear (C6—Cll) for low temperature flexibiUty and low volatility and aromatic (benzyl) for solvating. Terephthalates are recognized for their migration resistance, and trimeUitates for their low volatility in plasticizer appHcations. 

Very popular is plastic cushioning material used in packaging, usually laminated thermoplastic films that incorporate air bubble pockets. 

In European laboratories, ceramic tile is very popular, but it is rarely seen here. The cost is well below that of monolithic slabs but considerably higher than that of plastic laminate. Its resistance to both chemicals and heat is outstanding. In case of damage, single tiles may be replaced. Modem materials used for grouting are also very resistant to chemicals. The slightly uneven surface does not seem to cause any complaints among users. 

In another facility, bench tops in the main room were covered with epoxy-treated monolithic material to resist the hard wear anticipated. The side room, where instrument work was to be carried out, was equipped with tops of plastic laminate. This resulted in substantial savings. Somehow it was difficult to convince the engineering firm in charge of building the laboratory that monolithic material, which they had recommended throughout, was not necessary everywhere. 

In a case where a fiune hood was to be placed on a portion of counter faced with plastic laminate, the planner found an economical solution. Since the plastic laminate was not suitable for use with a fume hood, he ordered a sheet of monolithic material Va inch thick and had it cut to the exact dimensions of the hood. The cost was just a fraction of that of a full thickness top. The sheet was put in place and the edges were treated with a silicone compound. This treatment stood up against highly corrosive materials as weU as heat for many years. 

MIR techniques have simplified obtaining infrared spectra of many materials important in packaging. These include rubber, plastics, laminations, and components of these materials that find use in pumps, sample packages, and devices. The combination of MIR and computerized pattern recognition techniques can be used for differentiating and classification of flexible packaging polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC), acrylonitrile (Barex), and CTFE (Aclar) [22]. 

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