Plasma levels for

The individual responsiveness to desmopressin is consistent, and a test dose administered at the time of diagnosis or prior to therapy is the best predictor of response. Generally, DDAVP is more effective in vWD than in hemophilia patients, with an average 30% to 50% increase in vWF and factor VIII levels. In patients with an adequate response, desmopressin is first-line therapy because it allows for once-daily administration (elevates plasma levels for 8-10 hours), does not pose a threat in terms of viral transmission, and the cost is substantially less than that of the plasma-derived products. Fibrinolysis inhibitors (50-60 mg/kg of aminocapriotic acid every 4—6 hours or trenex-amic acid 10-15 mg/kg every 8-12 hours) and OCs are used successfully in the management of epistaxis and menorrhagia or as adjuvant treatments. 

Fig. 15 Mean plasma levels for groups of ten human subjects receiving single 0.5-g doses (as two 250-mg capsules) of chloramphenicol preparations A, B, C, or D. Vertical lines represent one standard error on either side of the mean. (From Ref. 19.).

Administration of which of the following antianginal agents results in anti anginal effects for only 10 hours, despite detectable therapeutic plasma levels for 24 hours ... 

Intravenous bolus dose in a rat efficacy model measuring potency, duration of action, and plasma levels for effect... 

Carbamazepine therapy is initiated at 200-400 mg/day in two divided doses, and the typical daily dose is often in the 1000-2000 mg/day range. There are no established plasma levels for carbamazepine specifically established for BEAD, so the levels used in monitoring the drug in the treatment of epilepsy (i.e., 4-12 ig/mL) are typically used. 

What constitutes optimal therapeutic plasma levels for lithium, and... 

Glassman AH, Perel JM, Shostak M, et al Clinical implications of imipramine plasma levels for depressive illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 34 197-204, 1977... 

The following factors should be considered when choosing a staining method for a tissue cross-reactivity study (1) test article forms that are available, (2) test article affinity, (3) proposed plasma level for clinical studies, (4) epitope stability, and (5) ability to scale up the method to stain a large number of tissues. These various issues are addressed below. 

Proposed Plasma Level for Clinical Studies The tissue cross-reactivity study is an immunohistochemistry assay, which, because of its nature, does not replicate the conditions obtained in vivo. Moreover, one is looking at tissue sections where the cells are cleaved and all portions of the tissues and cells (membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus) and surrounding milieu are exposed to the same concentration of the antibody, which is different from the intravascular and perivascular concentrations observed in vivo (see below). Since buffers, protein types, and electrolytes also differ in vivo compared to the immunohistochemistry conditions, one cannot expect to attain high concentra-... 

Plasma levels for some psychotropic medications, certain correlations have been established between plasma levels (the concentration of a drug in the liquid portion of the blood) and therapeutic benefit. Using this method, the prescribing physician can make adjustments to the doses with the goal of reaching drug concentrations in the blood that are associated with optimal response. In a few instances—for example the antiobsessional clomipramine (trade name Anafranil) and the antide-... 

Plasma level for fluoxetine represents total fluoxetine plus norfluoxetine given the comparable effect of each on 5-HT uptake pump. Plasma levels are a total of both enantiomers for citalopram and fluoxetine. 

Sadony V, Korber M, Albes G et al. Cardiac troponin I plasma levels for diagnosis and quantitation of perioperative myocardial damage in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1998 13 57. 

Clearance is defined as the volume of blood cleared of the drug in unit time. It represents the relationship between the rate of drug elimination and its plasma level. For drugs with first-order elimination, clearance is constant because rate of elimination is directly proportional to plasma level. 

Answer A. At 12 h after IV injection (which corresponds to two half-lives of the drug), the plasma level is 3 mg/L. Extrapolating back to zero time, by doubling plasma level for each half-life, results in an initial plasma level at zero time (C°) = 3x2x2 mg/L =12 mg/L. 

Relative Plasma Levels for Common Laboratory Animals in Descending Order of Magnitude... 

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