Plaque imaging

In summary, plaque imaging with F-labeled MMPIs remains a clinical challenge and is still in its infancy. The transfer of F-labeled MMPIs developed for oncological questions in the field of cardiovascular pathophysiology is one possible starting point. 

Additionally, human studies of atherosclerosis, mainly located in the carotid ateries and thoratic aorta, with p FlFDO PET were performed. These investigations strengthen the status of p FJEDG PET as noninvasive plaque-imaging technique [191-196]. 

Fig. 15.9. Combined MRA (left) and plaque imaging (right) in a hypertensive patient with symptomatic left ICA stenosis. Cross-sectional black-blood imaging demonstrates the severely narrowed lumen (A and B) as well as the extension of the plaque to the carotid bifurcation (E), appearing normal on angiography...

Zhemg W, Kung MP, Oya S, Hou C, Kung HF (2007) F-labeled styrylpyridines as PET agents for amyloid plaque imaging. Nucl Med Biol 34 89-97... 

MS diagnostic criteria were revised in 2001 and are known as the McDonald criteria (Fig. 26-2).18-20 MS diagnosis requires that plaques be disseminated in time and space. Previously, diagnosis relied heavily on clinical examination. The McDonald criteria allow the clinician to use the clinical exam in combination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data to make a diagnosis sooner, and thus begin treatment earlier (Table 26-1). 

Figure 6 Simulated ESR spectra of nitroxides (a) in the absence of magnetic field gradient (b) ID image for a homogenous radical distribution (in the presence of a gradient) and (c) ID image for radicals present only in thin layers near both surfaces of the plaque (in the presence of a gradient).

Flacke S, Fischer S, Scott MJ, Fuhrhop RJ, Allen JS, McLean M, Winter P, Sicard GA, Gaffney PJ, Wickline SA, Lanza GM (2001) Novel MRI contrast agent for molecular imaging of fibrin implications for detecting vulnerable plaques. Circulation 104 1280-1285... 

Endoscopy Cardiovascular imaging Imaging via endoscopes or intravasal catheters Tumours of the GI tract. Reflected light, oral cavity fluorescence. , , . Atherosclerotic plaques... 

Using flexible endoscopic catheters, intravascular fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging demonstrated that atherosclerotic plaques and other vascular abnormalities can be identified and characterized based either on endogenous fluorophores [11] or exogenous fluorescent dyes [146,147]. 

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