Plant, molten carbonate process

In the molten carbonate process a molten eutectic mixture of lithium, sodium, and potassium carbonates removes sulfur oxides from power plant stack gases. The resulting molten solution of alkali metal sulfites, sulfates, and unreacted car bonate is regenerated in a two-step process to the alkali carbonate for recycling. Hydrogen sulfide, which is evolved in the regeneration step, is converted to sulfur in a conventional Claus plant. A 10 MW pilot plant of the process has been constructed at the Consolidated Edison Arthur KiU Station on Staten Island, and startup is underway. 

In the molten carbonate process, a molten eutectic mixture of lithium, sodium, and potassium carbonates is used to scrub the power plant gas stream. The sulfur oxides in the gas stream react with the carbonates to form sulfites and sulfates which remain dissolved in excess unreacted carbonate melt. The molten carbonate-sulfite-sulfate mixture is then... 

Molten carbonate process pilot plant at completion of construction, Mar. 30,1973... 

A thorough engineering and economic evaluation of the molten carbonate process was completed by Singmaster and Breyer in 1970, under contract to EPA (8). For the same plant situation, their cost estimates (based on 1970 dollars) were 16.81/kW for the capital investment (not including the Claus plant) and 0.95 mills/kW hr for operating costs without by-product credit. 

Hot corrosion is designated as the accelerated attack of metals and ceramics in oxidizing environments by the presence of a thin molten salt film, for example, a fused sulfate, carbonate, chloride, or nitrate. In many high-temperature processes, molten salts are present either in partially molten ashes, as deposits on boiler tubes from conventionally fired plants such as waste fired boilers (chlorides, sulfates), as a single salt deposits on gas turbines (Na2S04), or as the electrolytes in molten carbonate fuel cells [(Li,K)2C03]. 

Orecchini, F., Bocci, E., and di Carlo, A. (2008) Process simulation of a neutral emission plant using chestnut s coppice gasification and molten carbonate fuel... 

A number of fuel cells, currently in the development stage, may soon compete with fossil fuel electricity production. Several companies have developed fuel cell power plants that generate up to several megawatts of power. The most promising of these is called the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), which uses potassium carbonate as the electron transfer medium and methane gas as the fuel. In an initial process called reforming, the methane gas reacts with water to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas ... 

Production of one metric ton of molten aluminum requites about 500 kg of anode carbon and 7.5—10 kg of cathode blocks which is the largest industry usage of carbon materials. Aluminum smelters generally have an on-site carbon plant for anode production. Anode technology is focused on taw materials (petroleum coke and coal-tar pitch), processing techniques, and todding practices (74). 

HIsmelt A direct iron smelting process in which noncoking coal, fine iron ore, and fluxes and gases, are injected into a molten iron bath the carbon monoxide produced is used to prereduce the ore in a fluidized bed. Under development by CRA, Australia, since the early 1980s, joined by Midrex Corporation in 1988. Their joint venture company, Hismelt Corporation, commissioned a pilot plant at Kwinana, near Perth, Australia, in 1993. 

This molten salt gasification process is the basis for the Rockwell International molten salt coal gasification process. A 900-kg-h l (1 ton/h) process development unit pilot plant has been built and is being tested under contract from the Department of Energy. This plant includes the gasifier and a complete sodium carbonate recovery and regeneration system. 

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