Plant growth regulators ethylene

Ethylene. Ethylene [74-85-1/, (7) is considered to be one of the principal plant growth regulators in the natural products family. However,... 

Plant growth regulators, 13 21-60, 284 carvone, 13 28 cytokinins, 13 28-30 ft-decanol, 13 30 dikegulac, 13 30 ethylene, 13 30-32 gamma aminobutyric acid, 13 32 gibberehins, 13 32-35 indole 3-butyric acid, 13 35-36 lactic acid, 13 36 natural product derivatives,... 

Since almost all plant cells produce ethylene (animal cells do not) how ACC production is regulated has become of tremendous importance in the understanding of the roles of ethylene in plant growth manipulation. Ethylene itself diffuses readily... 

The malonyl derivative 646 plays an important role in the metabolism of 6 (e.g. Refs 715-719). Possible applications of 6 or other ethylene producing reagents such as plant growth regulators (e.g. Refs 318, 720-725), in the facilitation of the falling and harvesting of olives 26 Qj. further fields 37 described in review Ref. 709. 

Ethylene 6-1 is the simplest of the known plant growth regulators, and has a variety of physiological properties [49]. It appears to be active without metabolic conversion, so there is now no reason to regard ethylene in a different light from the other established plant hormones [50,51]. While many molecules are known to have ethylene activity, (some examples are given in Table 1), ethylene remains the most active. Inhibitors of ethylene action are also known, so that structure activity correlations fall into two categories. 

The advent of gas chromatography made ethylene the easiest plant growth regulator to measure and the evidence is now overwhelming that ethylene is a major factor in the modulation of plant growth and development under both normal and stress conditions (see e.g. reference [2]). 

A major advance in this area was the development of techniques to measure ethylene binding in vivo [16], which are unique among plant growth regulators. These techniques were later modified to take into account effects of ethylene metabolism and endogenous ethylene production [11,17]. 

Kao, C.H., 1996. Stimulation of ethylene production in detached rice leaves by vanadate. Plant Growth Regul. 18, 161-164. 

There are five groups of plant-growth-regulating compounds auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, and abscisic acid. For the most part, each group contains both naturally occurring hormones and synthetic substances. 

Fig. 11.2. Chemical structures of plant growth regulator compounds out of the five main PGR categories auxins (lAA, 2,4-D), ethylene (ethephon), cytokinin (kinetin, benzyladenin), growth inhibitors (ABA), and gibberellins (GA3).

Chloroethanephosphonic acid (ETHREL, ethephon), a synthetic plant growth regulator (Cook and Randall, 1968), readily releases ethylene in neutral solution according to the following reaction ... 

CHEMICAL CONNECTIONS 4A Ethylene, a Plant Growth Regulator 4B Cis-Trans Isomerism in Vision 4C Why Plants Emit Isoprene... 

---