Plant growth regulators acid

The basic amide, mefexamide (14), a representative of plant growth-regulating acids and derivatives, is included in this heading because of its amide function. The pharmacological effects of (14) corresponded with those of imipramine. 

Naphthalene Acetic Acid and Naphthalene Acetamide. Naphthalene acetic acid [26445-01-2] (38) is historicaHy one of the first plant growth regulators. Reports concerning its activity in crops and plants have been a subject in much of the eady Hterature (57). Consequently, it has been used as a starting matedal for other compounds, eg, vide infra Sevin. Naphthaleneacetamide [31093-43-3] (39) has been used as a standard matedal to evaluate abscission pnor to 1953 and its effect on apple drop was reported in 1953 (58). The substance is used as an internal standard in the abscission bioassay (59). 

AIkyl-Ai,A/-diaLkyl-l-naphthalenecarboxamides are useful herbicides (86) and the 2,2-dimeth5lhydra2ide of 1-naphthalenecarboxyhc acid has been patented as a plant growth regulator (87). 2-Propynyl-2-naphthalenecarboxylate [53548-27-9] and similar esters are insecticides (88). 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid, the plant growth regulator, has been prepared from naphthalene, concentrated HCl, and paraformaldehyde without isolation of intermediate 1-chloromethylnaphthalene or l-naphthaleneacetonitnle (89). 

Reaction of / fZ-amyl alcohol with urea in the presence of sulfuric acid gives a monoalkylated urea (61,62). Monoalkyl ureas are used to prepare uracil derivatives which are useful as herbicides, fungicides, and plant growth regulators (61). 

From the chemical point of view, succinic acid and its anhydride are characterized by the reactivity of the two carboxyUc functions and of the two methylene groups. Uses range from pharmaceuticals to food, detergents, cosmetics, plastics and resins, plant growth regulators, textiles, photography, and gas and water treatment. 

CitroneUal can also be converted to the ds- [92471-23-3] (88) and / 3 -/)-menthane-3,8-diol [91739-72-9] (89) by reaction with dilute acids (176,177). The glycol mixture can be readily purified by distillation and the two isomers easily separated. The glycols are usehil as insect repellents (qv) and are especially effective against mosquitos (178). Derivatives of the glycols have been prepared and are usehil as insecticides and plant growth regulators (179). 

Benzothiazolin-3-ylacetic acid, 4-chloro-2-oxo-as herbicide, 6, 328 as plant growth regulator, 1, 191 Benzothiazolium bromide, 2-methyl-3-propargyl-nucleating agent... 

Butyric acid, 2-amino-4-(4-carboxythiazol-2-yl)-occurrence, 6, 327 Butyric acid, 4-(indol-3-yl)-as plant growth regulator, 1, 191 Butyric acid, y-(3-pyridyl)-y-methylamino-as metabolite... 

The plant growth regulator gibberellic acid was synthesized along the lines of the plan discussed in Section 6.4 of Part One. 

Of agricultural importance is the plant-growth regulating activity of 6,8-dichloro-2-methyl-3-carboxymethyl-4(3H) quinazolinone which was as potent as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the Lepidium test. 4-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazoline has been patented with reference to fungicidal activity. 

Quarrie, S.A. (1984). Abscisic acid and drought resistance in crop plants, British Plant Growth Regulator Group News, 1, 1-15. 

Before leaving the subject of polarity and in relation to uptake and distribution, mention should be made of weak acids and bases. The complicating factor here is that they exist in solution in different forms, the balance between which is dependent on pH. The different forms have different polarities, and thus different values. In other words, the values measured are pH-dependent. Take, for example, the plant growth regulator herbicide 2,4-D. This is often formulated as the sodium or potassium salt, which has high water solubility. When dissolved in water, however, the following equilibrium is established ... 

Figure 6. Time course of effects of 10 ug chlorsulfuron per seedling on total phenolic content of sunflower hypocotyls expressed as -coumaric acid equivalents. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 75. Copyright 1983, J. Plant Growth Regul.

An interesting one-pot hydroformylation/Fischer indole sequence can be achieved by running the hydroformylation in the presence of a phenylhy-drazine. This protocol gave access to the methyl ester of the plant growth regulator 3-indole butanoic acid (IBA) (Scheme 16) [61-63]. A review on related tandem processes involving the hydroformylation as a key step has appeared recently [9]. 

Einhellig, F.A., Schon, M.K. and Rasmussen, J.A. (1982). Synergistic effects of four cinnamic acids compounds on grain sorghum. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 1 251-258. 

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