Planar reflectors

Fig. 6.29 The pattern and the scheme of the main blast processes in an obstructed duct with non-planar end element 1 - duct 2 - non-planar reflector 3 - obstructed area 4 - igniter...

Fig. 12. Schematic of surface-emitting laser diodes where U represents the active region (a) planar cavity surface-emitting laser diode (PCSEL) with 45° etched reflectors and (b) vertical cavity surface-emitting laser diode (VCSEL) with semiconductor-based multilayer mirror stacks grown into the stmcture.

Other types of optical microcavities employing the DBR mechanism of light confinement include planar annular Bragg resonators (Scheuer, 2005), based on a radial defect surrounded by Bragg reflectors, and their 3-D equivalent, spherical Bragg onion resonators (Liang, 2004). 

The radar antenna, in addition to transmitting and receiving the radar waves, is responsible for the focussing of the millimeter waves. In principle, planar antennas, lens antennas, or reflector antennas can be used. Today, monostatic lens antennas are commonly in use. 

In planar cavities, the optical modes are discrete and the frequencies of these modes are integer multiples of the fundamental mode frequency, as shown schematically in Fig. 1.7. The fundamental and first excited mode occur at frequencies of vQ and 2v0, respectively. For a cavity with two metallic reflectors (no distributed Bragg reflectors) and a jt phase shift of the optical wave upon reflection, the fundamental frequency is given by v0 = c / 2nlcaw where c is the velocity of light in vacuum and Icav is the length of the cavity. In a resonant cavity, the emission frequency of an optically active medium located inside the cavity equals the frequency of one of the cavity modes. 

Another device, the flexible distributed Bragg reflector laser with an active layer structure supporting second-order feedback, makes full use of the advantageous properties of polymers, namely flexibility, large-area fabrication, and low-cost processing [41, 42]. As can be seen in Fig. 6.15, the device consists of a one-dimensionally periodically structured flexible substrate coated with an m-LPPP layer, which acts as a planar wave guide. The substrate possesses a periodic height modulation with a period of A = 300 nm. 

A planar waveguide with a corrugated surface, which can be tuned to be a resonant Bragg reflector, is also a laser-based biosensor (Fig. 6) [8]. 

Type-4 Photoelectrode System with Moderate Concentration A PEC solar concentrator system, using reflectors to focus the solar flux at a 10 1 intensity ratio onto planar PEC photoelectrodes immersed in an electrolyte reservoir and pressurized to 300 psi. 

The RCS for a parabolic reflector cannot be as low as the planar array backed by a gronndplane, see Chapters 2 and 5. However, they are discussed here because of their popularity in some camps. 

Cunin F, Milhiet PE, Anglin E, Sailor MJ, Espenel C, Le Grimellec C, Brunei D, Devoisselle JM (2007) Continuous planar phospholipid bilayer supported on porous silicon thin film reflector. Ultramicroscopy 107 1048... 

Optical feed a single feed, usually a monopulse horn, is used to illuminate the array with a spherical phase front (illustrated in Fig. 13.64). Power collected by the rear elements of the array is transmitted through the phase shifters to produce a planar front and steer the array. The energy can then be radiated from the other side of the array, or reflected and reradiated through the collecting elements. In the latter case, the array acts as a steerable reflector. 

Planar structures (prism, reflector parts, and optical structures). 

In a space without reflectors, the minimum Mach number of a shock wave capable of triggering self-ignition is about M 2. Non-planar surfaces significantly... 

Fig. 6.30 Typical blast loads for the non-planar end reflector in a duct for various H2 + air mixtures...

Key Principle Maps the flatness of the local seismic signal. Flatness is the degree to which local reflectors are flat/planar (not necessarily horizontal). 

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