Plagues, anthrax

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Other causes of pneumonia, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, plague, anthrax infection, smallpox. 

Von Apen also alleged that Soviet scientists had carried out human experiments in Mongolia. He claimed that in 1941 experiments had been conducted with plague, anthrax and glanders. The victims had been political prisoners, although Japanese prisoners of war were also thought to have been used. Von Apen described how prisoners... 

But there were accidents and deaths. At least twenty men a year working in the laboratories contracted infections from the material they handled. In 1937, two died from severe cases of glanders. In 1944 there were two deaths from plague. Anthrax was a constant... 

The apparent use of cholera, dysentery, typhoid, plague, anthrax, and paratyphoid by the Japanese... 

Furthermore, because many diseases are endemic to many countries around the world, legitimate-sounding cover stories can also be developed to justify the research into plague, anthrax, tularemia, etc. Added to that is the fact that the BTWC, unlike the CWC, does not yet provide for extensive on-site investigation and verification. 

Bacterial agents, such as Bacillus anthracis (the causative agent for anthrax), or Yersinia pestis (the causative agent for plague). 

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Acute respiratory distress syndrome, congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, AIDS, pneumonia, cardiogenic shock, septic shock, phosgene toxicity, phosphine toxicity, salicylate toxicity with pulmonary edema, influenza, plague, tularemia, and anthrax. 

Differential Diagnosis An epidemic of inhalation anthrax in its early stage with nonspecific symptoms could be confused with a number of viral, bacteria, and fungal infections. Progression over two to three days with sudden development of severe respiratory distress followed by shock and death within twenty-four to thirty-six hours in essentially all untreated cases eliminates diagnosis other than inhalation anthrax. Other diagnosis to consider would include aerosol exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), plague, or tularemia pneumonia. 

Biological Agents BACTERIA (Anthrax, Brucellosis, Cholera, Plague, Tularemia). VIRUSES (Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Rift Valley Fever, Smallpox, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE), Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (Ebola)). TOXINS (Botulinum, Ricin, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB), Trichothecene Mycotoxins/T-2). 

Available killed vaccines include acellular pertussis, anthrax, botulism, cholera, diptheria, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), influenza, Lyme disease, meningococcus, pertussis, plague, pneumococcus, polio, rabies, tetanus, typhoid, and typhoid VI. 

Tiemo, P.M., Jr., Protect Yourself against Bioterrorism Everything You Need to Know about Anthrax, Plague, Botulism, Smallpox, Encephalitis, Cholera, Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ricin, and More, Pocket Books, New York, 2002. 

Second we have the issne of bioterrorism. There are many other potential threats smallpox, anthrax, tularemia, plague, a family of viral hemorrhagic fevers, among others. In addition, there are a limitless number of virulent bacteria that might be constructed employing the modem techniqnes of genetic engineering. 

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