Piping erection

Factors appbcable to labor-hours Crafts involved in piping erection... 

A case in point is illustrated in Fig. H.l. The construction work started on schedule on week 39 and proceeded right on track for several weeks. On week 48, although the overall progress was right on track, a closer inspeetion revealed a serious variation in the steel ereetion contract. This variation could have had disastrous repercussions since steel erection falls on the critical path and the delay would affect equipment and piping erection and jeopardize the project completion date. 

Piping erection 1.00 Included above 1.00 Included above... 

The various disciplines involved, which on a site are implemented broadly speaking in sequence starting with civil works and progressing through equipment installation, piping erection and so on... 

E16 Piping Erection (a seamless continuation of records established during prefabrication)... 

Pipe erection complete, release to blowing or flushing... 

FIGt 9-42 Lahoi hoiirs required to erect large quantities of shop-fahricated steel and low-alloy piping. 

Steam-Generating Facilities These form the second largest investment item for chemical-plant auxiliaiy equipment. Variations in capacity, location indoors or outdoors, the type of fuel used, pressure and temperature levels, and the type of process served have an important effect on actual cost as well as on cost relative to other auxiliaiy items. Package boiler instaUations can be purchased as shop-built units which are assembled, piped, and wired ready to be erected on the owner s foundations. They are available in units up to about 136,000 kg/h (300,000 Ib/h), although units larger than about 45,360... 

The code prescribes minimum requirements for the materials, design, fabrication, assembly, support, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of piping systems subject to pressure or vacuum. The scope of the piping covered by B31.3 is illustrated in Fig. 10-124. It applies to all fluids including fluidized sohds and to all seivdces except as noted in the figure. 

Self-Supporting Stack - This type of unit is designed so that the flare riser pipe has no lateral strucmral support. For short flares, this type is the least expensive to erect and maintain. 

Paton [15] reports total model costs of 0.4 to 1.0 percent of erected plant costs for a 1 million plant. These are actual costs and do not reflect profits. Material costs are less than 10 percent of total model costs, and usually less than 5 percent. For a. 30 million plant model costs run as low as 0.1 percent. These are for models which include plant layout, piping layout, and piping details. If simpler models are used the costs should be less. 

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