Pioneer Corporation

Early displays [8] based on vapor-deposited OLEDs were simple alphanumeric devices. More recently, there have been rapid increases in the complexity of these devices. In 1996, Pioneer Corporation demonstrated a monochrome 64 x 256 pixel OLED display [9] that was subsequently developed into a product and was incorporated into automobile stereos (see Figure 7.2). Today full-color, high-resolution vapor-deposited OLED displays as large as 24" have been developed [10]. 

FIGURE 7.2 The world s first commercially available OLED display (1999). The display is manufactured by Pioneer Corporation and is incorporated into automotive stereos. 

The advances since this first discovery are summarised in Figure 12.2 which indicates how the drive voltage has been gradually reduced from around 100 V to a few, whilst the luminous efficiency has increased to around 100 Im/W. Many advanced display devices are expected to be marketed during the first decade of the new millennium, but the Pioneer Corporation was the first to produce a working 64 x 256 pixel device commercially, in 1996 [18]. 

In more added value applications, PLA has attracted much attention as biosotuced material melt blended or not with petroleum-based polymers. For example, PLA-based master-batches have recently been developed by Sukano for dispersion within engineering polymers such as PMMA PC, and ABS to increase their mechanical performances as weU as their biosourced content. Fujitsu and NEC have recently commercialized green notebooks and cell phones based on PLA. Pioneer Corporation has developed flame-retardant PLA resins for the front panel of its DVD drivers. " ... 

Pioneer Corporation. Environmental Hazardous Substance List, (Ver. 4.0), Feb. 2003. 

The Nippon Steel Corporation in 1972 pioneered the use of continuous annealing lines , in which rolled steel sheet is heat-treated and quenched under close computerised control while moving. For this advanced process to give its best results, especially when the objective is to make readily shapable sheet for automobile bodies, steel compositions have to be tailored specifically for the process composition and processing are seamlessly tied to each other. Today, dozens of these huge processing lines are in use worldwide (Ohashi 1988). 

E. W. Merrow et al. Understanding Cost Growth and Performance Shortfalls in Pioneer Processing Plants (Report R-2569-DOE). Santa Monica, Calif Rand Corporation, September 1981. 

The first fire retardant polyester containing a reactive fire retardant monomer was introduced by the Hooker Electrochemical Corporation in the early 1950 s containing chlorendic acid as the reactive monomer (6). This pioneering development rapidly led to the introduction of variety of reactive halogen and phosphorus containing monomers, such as tetrabromophthalic anhydride, chlorostyrene and tetrabromobisphenol A, which found application in a wide variety of condensation polymer systems. 

It is well known in the world of independent ventures that there often comes a point at which the founding team needs to be replaced by managers with different qualities. Indeed, one of the ways in which venture capitalists claim they add value is in provoking these transitions and helping locate relevant managerial talent. The same applies to many key people working within a corporate venture those with the right skills to function well when the task is discovery and creation are not necessarily able to make the transition to the tasks of enhancement and operational excellence. Moore (1991) terms this transition the transition from pioneers to settlers. As he describes (1991, p. 199) ... 

Several groups have pioneered the use of such multicomponent condensation reaction (MCR) technologies, including those led by Ugi, Bienayme, Domling, and Weber, spawning new chemically driven companies that have rapidly built up their own internal corporate collections. One particular branch of MCR methodologies, namely postcondensation modifications (or secondary reactions) of IMCRs (isocyanide - based multicomponent reactions), forms the basis of this chapter. 

One of the pioneers of the network security and reliability who investigated large communication networks in 1960s was Paul Baran from the RAND Corporation [1],Another pioneer was Leonard Kleinrock. At about the same time the famous mathematical genius Paul Erdos and his collaborator Alfred Renyi investigated random networks. 

Although there have been several examples of flexible OLED displays on plastics, including passive-matrix OLED displays on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates from Pioneer and Universal Display Corporation [26, 27], and a-Si H TFT-driven monochrome active-matrix OLED displays on poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) from Honeywell [28], there have been no demonstrations of organic TFT-... 

Flowever, while no major breakthrough was made during the last ten years of the century in their traditional fields of endeavor, chemical corporations continued to improve the performance of their products by devising new methods for their manufacture. A case in point is supplied by the development of the metallocene catalysts. First described by Walter Kaminsky of the University of Hamburg in the 1980s and pioneered in the field of polyolefins by Exxon and Dow, these... 

E. F. Hensley, The Unit-Operations Approach, American Association of Cost Engineers, Paper presented at Annual Meeting, 1967 E. W. Merrow, K. E. Phillips, and C. W. Meyers, Understanding Cost Growth and Performance Shortfalls in Pioneer Process Plants, Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 1981 see also Chem. Eng., 88(3) 41 (Feb. 9, 1981). 

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