Pilot plant evaluation

Although theoretical advances are being made, the current state of the art of crystallization requires pilot plant evaluation of parameters of equations and of such operating variables as... 

Commercial experience with silica-magnesia revealed an unexpected disadvantage regeneration became more difficult with prolonged use and limited the cracking capacity of the unit after about 200 days onstream (100). The laboratory and pilot-plant evaluations were of shorter duration and did not disclose this shortcoming. 

ASBESTOS FIBER REMOVAL DURING EFFLUENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT. PILOT PLANT EVALUATION... 

Even though, as presented above, certain characteristic relationships have been developed for many agglomeration methods, scale-up is a serious problem. Furthermore, aging has very often a marked effect on the results, because binding mechanisms rely on chemical and physical interactions at the surfaces of particles to be agglomerated and, if applicable, with the binder component(s). Therefore, a representative material which is several days or weeks old and may have to be reheated, re wetted, dried, or delumped to bring it back to a comparable condition as found in the real plant environment may yield completely different results than those found later in-line. This means that not only tests must be carried out with representative samples of raw materials and, if applicable, binders but pilot plant evaluations on site and/or in-line should also be considered if the risk of a new application is to be minimized. 

Feather, A. M., Sole, K. C., and Dreisinger, D. B. 2001. Pilot-plant evaluation of manganese removal and cobalt purification by solvent extraction. In Proceedings international solvent extraction conference, vol. 2, eds. M. Cox, M. Hidalgo, and M. Valiente, 1443-1448. London Society of Chemical Industry. 

Sole, K. C., Viljoen, K., Ferreira, B., Soderstrom, M., Tinkler, O. and Hoffman, L. 2007a. Customising copper-iron selectivity in modified aldoxime extractants pilot plant evaluation. In Proceedings copper 2007, vol. IV, book 2, 3-14. Montreal Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. 

Pilot Plant Evaluation of Illinois No. 6 and Pittsburgh No. 8 Coal for the Texaco Coal Gasification Process. Palo Alto, California Electric Power Research Institute, January 1987. AP-5029. 

However, once a catalyst is identified for additional studies, usually a 1-10 gram quantity of catalyst is required and these preparations are carried out in dedicated catalyst preparation apparatus and are then evaluated in a 1-4 liter polymerization autoclave designed to produce 40-400 grams of polyethylene, which is required for a more detailed evaluation of polymer properties. Catalysts that provide polymer with improved properties are then scaled up for a pilot plant evaluation which is usually similar to commercial equipment already in operation. Approximately 100-1,000 grams of catalyst is required for a pilot plant study, which provides 10-100 Ibs/hour of polyethylene. A pilot plant trial will usually take place in a continuous mode lasting 1-5 days and producing a total of 200-1,000 lbs of polyethylene. 

Zalischevsky, G. D., Khutoryansky, F. M., Warsaw, O. M., Urivskii, G. M., Voronin, N. A. (2000). Pilot plant evaluation of the static mixer SMV type of firm Sulzer Hemiteh with desalting by CDU. Refining and Petrochemicals, 5, 16. 

Quintana, M.E. and L.A. Davis. 1990. Pilot plant evaluation of Orimulsion as a feedstock for the Texaco gasification process. Texaco, Inc. Montebello R earch Laboratory, Montebello, CA. 

Resin chemistry is a mixture of thermodynamic and kinetic knowledge, semiempirical theory, and formulation art. Chemists have sought and continue to seek instrumental and other methods to predict performance prior to plant trials. Methods of chemical analysis, rheological characterization, mechanical analysis, pilot plant evaluation, fracture mechanics, and multivariate statistical analysis all are useful tools. Lab studies are generally designed to bracket the conditions which are likely to be encountered in field trials. When trends are identified, theoretical explanations are formulated. 

Hashino, M., Mori, Y., Fujii, Y., Motoyama, N., Kadokawa, N., Hoshikawa, H., Nishijima, W., and Okada, M. (2000). Pilot plant evaluation of an ozone-microfiltration system for drinking water treatment. Water Sci. Technol. 41, 10. 

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