Cracking capacity

Compared to amorphous silica-alumina catalysts, the zeolite catalysts are more active and more selective. The higher activity and selectivity translate to more profitable liquid product yields and additional cracking capacity. To take full advantage of the zeolite catalyst, refiners have revamped older units to crack more of the heavier, lower-value feedstocks. 

Although catalytic cracking was introduced commercially in 1936 and its advantages were obvious to many observers, the principal impetus to the wide use of this process was the demand for aviation gasoline occasioned by World War II. Catalytic cracking capac-... 

Fig. 7.3 Cracking capacity in the Middle East is expected to boom.

One solution to the problem is couched in raising fluid catalytic cracking capacity and conversion. 

Catalytic Cracking Capacity of Refineries in Free World Ex. U.S.A.) ... 

Catalytic Cracking Capacity in Uniteri Slates, by Types"... 

The distribution of catalytic cracking capacity in the United States by types of process, in 1954, is shown in Table III. Catalytic cracking has surpassed thermal cracking capacity, reported to be about 2,553,000 barrels/stream-day in 1953 (362). The latter figure includes coking, a... 

Regenerated-catalyst cooler. Cracking capacity is usually limited by coke-burning capacity, which is directly related to the rate at which... 

Catalytic cracking capacity (thousand of barrels daUy) ... 

Commercial experience with silica-magnesia revealed an unexpected disadvantage regeneration became more difficult with prolonged use and limited the cracking capacity of the unit after about 200 days onstream (100). The laboratory and pilot-plant evaluations were of shorter duration and did not disclose this shortcoming. 

Installed catalytic cracking capacity in the U.S. in 1955 was over 3.3 million barrels of feed per stream day, distributed as follows ... 

Figure 29. Share of cracking capacity by process, 1913-1957. (Reproduced with permission from reference 8. Copyright 1962 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.)...

Oil cracking catalysts contain identical concentrations of the following components a silica-alumina refractory material, and inert substance and sodium zeolite doped with La, Nd and Pr. The presence of REE in the zeolite increases the cracking capacity of the catalyst and its thermal stability at high temperatures [4]. 

By lowering the end point of the starting diesel fuel, hydrotreating the lower end point diesel fuel feed to ultra low sulfur levels is much easier. For example, when the 90% distillation point (T90) of diesel fuel is lowered by 20 °C, the required reactor size is only about half that needed for the full range feed. This diesel with lower T90 has another merit. It will produce less particulate matter in diesel exhaust gas. The downside of this approach would be the requirement for increasing the cracking capacity of the refinery to produce the required volume of diesel fuel with this T90. One solution is to revamp a VGO hydrotreater to mild hydrocracking service. 

Catalytic cracking constitutes about 60 per cent of all cracking capacity, and catalytic reforming about 70 per cent of all reforming capacity. 

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