Piezoelectric enhanced

Strain [Figs. 2(a), 4(a) and 4(b)]. For example, the fast drop in the strain of No. 05 is reflected in the fatigue curves of its dc and first harmonic components. In addition, the degree of piezoelectric enhancement by the reverse field was decreased with the accumulation of cycles this is evidenced fi om the shrinking distance between the two curves of a tested stack, especially those of the dc component. 

G.H. Kim, A.G. Rand, and S.V. Letcher, Impedance characterization of a piezoelectric immunosensor. Part II Salmonella typhimurium detection using magnetic enhancement. Biosens. Bioelectron. 18, 91-99 (2003). 

It must in any case be noted that the piezoelectricity of polymer films due to charges is not an intrinsic property of polymers it varies from sample to sample and can be remarkably enhanced by drawing and/or poling, as will be described in following sections. 

Park, J.W., S. Kurosawa, H. Aizawa, et al. 2006. Piezoelectric immunosensor for bisphenol A based on signal enhancing step with 2-methacrolyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymeric nanoparticle. Analyst 131 155-162. 

The current understanding is that the MPB is not a sharp boundary but rather a temperature-dependent compositional range over which there is a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic phases. At room temperature (300 K) the two phases coexist over the range 0.455 x 0.48 [7]. The enhanced piezoelectric activity of... 

The isovalent A-site substituents barium, strontium and calcium lower the Curie point and have a small influence on the morphotropic composition. At the 5-10 mol.% level they enhance the permittivity and piezoelectric properties. Pb0 94Sr0 06Ti0 47Zr0 53 for instance has a relative permittivity of 1300, a kp of 0.58... 

The substitution of lead by barium enhances the piezoelectric properties which peak when Pb/Ba I. At this and higher barium contents the structure changes to tetragonal with the polar axis parallel to the A-site tunnels. There is a morphotropic boundary, similar to that found in PZT compositions, and peak values of piezoelectric properties are found near the Pb1/2Ba1/2Nb206 composition. d33 rises to 220 pCN-1 and d31 rises to — 90pCN 1, while Qm increases to 300 and the Curie point falls to 250 °C thus most of the features peculiar to... 

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