Piecewise continuous

Secondly, the linearized inverse problem is, as well as known, ill-posed because it involves the solution of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. The solution must be regularized to yield a stable and physically plausible solution. In this apphcation, the classical smoothness constraint on the solution [8], does not allow to recover the discontinuities of the original object function. In our case, we have considered notches at the smface of the half-space conductive media. So, notche shapes involve abrupt contours. This strong local correlation between pixels in each layer of the half conductive media suggests to represent the contrast function (the object function) by a piecewise continuous function. According to previous works that we have aheady presented [14], we 2584... 

The a priori information involved by this modified Beta law (5) does not consider the local correlation between pixels, however, the image f is mainly constituted from locally constant patches. Therefore, this a priori knowledge can be introduced by means of a piecewise continuous function, the weak membrane [2]. The energy related to this a priori model is ... 

A function is said to be piecewise continuous on an intei val if it has only a finite number of finite (or jump) discontinuities. A function/on 0 < f < oo is said to be of exponential growth at infinity if there exist constants M and Ot such that l/(t)l < for sufficiently large t. 

Sufficient Conditions for the Existence of Laplace Transform Suppose/ is a function which is (1) piecewise continuous on eveiy finite intei val 0 < t exponential growth at infinity, and (3) Jo l/t)l dt exist (finite) for every finite 6 > 0. Then the Laplace transform of/exists for all complex numbers. s with sufficiently large real part. 

Note that condition 3 is automatically satisfied if/ is assumed to be piecewise continuous on eveiy finite intei val 0 < t < T. The func tion /(f) = t - is not piecewise continuous on 0 < f < T but satisfies conditions 1 to 3. 

A similar obstacle occurs in trying to construct difference approximations of the operator Lu = ku ), where k x) is a piecewise continuous function (see Chapter 3). 

Pattern functionals are defined in the class of piecewise continuous functions ... 

Therefore, the classical polymerization model Is applicable only to those conversion trajectories that yield polydispersitles betwen 1.5 and 2 regardless of the mode of termination. Although this Is an expected result, It has not been Implemented, the high conversion polymerization models reported to date are based on the classical equations for which the constraint given by equation 24 Is applicable. The result has been piecewise continuous models, (1-6)... 

From the analysis of the rate equations it can be concluded that the classical polymerization model does not apply whenever the instantaneous polydispersity is greater than 2 or smaller than 3/2. This limitation of the classical model has resulted in piecewise continuous models for high viscosity polymerizations. Preliminary calculations, on the order of magnitude of the terms contributing... 

For present purposes, the functions of time, f(f), which will be encountered will be piecewise continuous, of less than exponential order and defined for all positive values of time this ensures that the transforms defined by eqn. (A.l) do actually exist. Table 9 presents functional and graphical forms of f(t) together with corresponding Laplace transforms. The simpler of these forms can be readily verified using eqn. (A.l), but as extensive tables of functions and their transforms are available, derivation is seldom necessary, (see, for instance, ref. 75). A simple introduction to the Laplace transform, to some of its properties and to its use in solving linear differential equations, is presented in Chaps. 2—4 of ref. 76, whilst a more complete coverage is available in ref. 77. 

The principles and applications of FEM are described extensively in the literature (e.g., 23-26). FEM is a numerical approximation to continuum problems that provides an approximate, piecewise, continuous representation of the unknown field variables (e.g., pressures, velocities). 

Obviously, it is required that the surface be piecewise continuous and the volume simply connected and convex, that is, without holes, so that its surface 5 can be continuously contracted through V so as to surround any point in V. The direction of the normal n to 5 is outward from the enclosed volume. 

The objective function, which is to be maximized, is some function, usually piecewise continuous, of the product state. Let this be denoted by... 

Take three fuzzy sets A, B, and C and their a-cuts G (a), Gg(a), and G ia), respectively, for each membership function value a. Assume that the a-cuts GJ.a), Gg(a and G(-(a) depend at least piecewise continuously on the a parameter from the unit interval [0,1], where the intervals of continuity have nonzero lengths and where continuity is understood within the metric topology of the underlying space X. For the three pairs formed from these three fuzzy sets, the ordinary Hausdorff distances h(G (a),Gg(a)), h(Gg(a), Gcia)), and h GJ,a ... 

In this averaging procedure we imagine that at any point r in a two-phase flow, phase k passes intermittently so a function ipk associated with phase k will be a piecewise continuous function. However, the interfaces are not stationary so they do not occupy a fixed location for finite time intervals. For this reason the average macroscopic variables are expected to be continuous functions (but this hypothesis has been questioned as it can be shown that the first order time derivative might be discontinuous which is not physical, hence an amended double time averaging operator was later proposed as a way of dealing with this problem [43, 47]). Since T is the overall time period over which the time averaging is performed, phase k is observed within a subset of residence time intervals so that T = for all the phases in the... 

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