Phytoestrogen lignan

ADLERCREUTZ H, BANNWART C, WAHALA K, MAKELA T, BRUNOW G, BASE T, AROSEMENA P J, KELLIS J T J R, VICKERY L E (1993) Inhibition of human aromatase by mammalian lignans and isoflavonoid phytoestrogens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 44 147-53. 

HUTCHINS A M, SLAVIN J L and LAMPE I w (1995) Urinary isoflavonoid phytoestrogen and lignan excretion after consumption of fermented and imfermented soy products. JAm Diet Assoc 95, 545-51. 

An inverse correlation between thyroid cancer risk and phytoestrogens was recently proposed as a result of a multi-ethnic population-based case control study conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area (Hom-Ross et al., 2002). In this study, dietary habits and phytoestrogen consumption were assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire and by a nutrient database. The outcome of the study was that soy-based foods and alfalfa sprouts were associated with a reduction of thyroid cancer risk, whereas a Western diet did not influence cancer risk. No difference was observed between American and Asian women or between pre- and postmenopausal women. Furthermore, among the few compounds examined, the isoflavones genistein and daidzein and the lignan secoisolariciresinol were the phytoestrogens most frequently associated with risk reduction (Horn-Ross et al., 2002). 

Liggins J, Grimwood R and Bingham S A (2000), Extraction and quantification of lignan phytoestrogens in food and human samples , Adv Biochem, 287, 102-109. 

The three main classes of phytoestrogens (and common food sources) are isoflavones (soybeans), lignans (cereals and oilseeds such as flaxseed), and coumestans (alfalfa sprouts). The biologic potency of phytoestrogens varies and is less than that of synthetic estrogen. 

J.W. Lampe, Isoflavonoid and lignan phytoestrogens as dietary biomarkers. J. Nutr. 133 (2003) 9565-9645. 

Franke AA, Murphy SP, Le Marchand L, Zheng W, Custer L. 2002b Mar. Liquid chromatographic analysis of dietary phytoestrogens including isoflavonoids, flavo-noids and lignans in foods and human body fluids. J Nutr 132 592S. 

Adlercreutz H, Honjo H, Higashi A, Fotsis T, Hamalainen E, Hasegawa T, Okada H. 1991. Urinary excretion of lignans and isoflavonoid phytoestrogens in Japanese men and women consuming a traditional Japanese diet. Am J Clin Nutr 54 1093-1100. 

Cotterchio M, Boucher BA, Kreiger N, Mills CA, Thompson LU. 2008. Dietary phytoestrogen intake-lignans and isoflavones-and breast cancer risk (Canada). Cancer Causes Control 19 259-272. 

Rickard, S.E. and Thompson, L.U. 1997. Phytoestrogens and lignans Effects on reproduction and chronic disease. In Antinutrients and Phytochemicals in Foods (F. Shahidi, ed.), pp. 273-293. Oxford University Press, New York. 

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