Physodic derivatives

The macroelements K, Ca, Na, Mg and Fe detected in transplants of U. hirta and H. physodes derive mainly from geochemical sources and are important constituents of... 

In brown algae, phlorotannins are localized in specialized bodies called physodes (Ragan 1976). Shifting the experimental approach, from chemical assays of total phlorotannin concentration to microscopic methods that describe physode transport and establish the timeframes at which phlorotannins accumulate in response to abiotic or biotic stimuli, has provided new insight into the understanding of phlorotannin production and function. It is known that physodes are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi of the cell (Schoenwaelder and Clayton 2000). It appears that physodes are transferred across the cytosol and incorporated into the cell wall, where the phlorotannins are assumed to have a structural role and thus be involved in primary metabolism (Schoenwaelder and Clayton 2000 Arnold and Targett 2003). 

Deriv Methyl physodate, prisms (EtOH-HjO), mp 157 °C, from physodic acid with an equimolar amount of CHjNj... 

Rankovic B, Misic M, Sukdolak S (2008) The antimicrobial activity of substances derived from the lichens Physcia aipolia, Umbilicaria polyphylla, Parmelia caperata and Hypogymnia physodes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24 1239-1242 Rankovic B, Kosanic M, Manojlovic N et al (2014) Chemical composition of Hypogymnia physodes lichen and biological activities of some its major metabolites. Med Chem Res 23 408-416 Rezanka T, Dembitsky V (1999) Novel brominated lipidic compounds from lichcms of Central Asia. Phytochemistry 51 963-968... 

Pengsuparp T, Cai L, Constant H et al (1995) Mechanistic evaluation of new plant-derived compounds that inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. J Nat Prod 58 1024—1031 Perry NB, Berm MH, Brennan NJ et al (1999) Antimicrobial, antiviral and cytotoxic activity of New Zealand lichens. Lichenologist 31 627-636 Petrzik K, Vondrak J, Bartak M et al (2014) Lichens—a new source or yet unknown host of herbaceous plant viruses Eur J Plant Pathol 138 549-559 Rankovic B, Misic M, Sukdolak S (2007a) Antimicrobial activity of the lichens Cladoniafurcata, Parmelia caperata, Parmeliapertusa, Hypogymnia physodes and Umbilicariapolyphylla. Br J Biomed Sci 64 143-148... 

The structure of lividic acid (368), a further example of a physodic acid type (Scheme 44) isolated from Parmelia formosana and containing a hydroxy group not inherent in its polyketide derivation, was demonstrated... 

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