Physiological resistance, mechanisms

While the mechanism of resistance to various synthetic pyrethroids in flies has been elucidated in terms of physiology, biochemistry, and genetics, it seems that the resistance mechanism is mostly common to mosquitoes. 

Larkin injected several peroxidases at 0.1-10 ppm into one-half of a tobacco leaf and found some protection. He suggested that peroxidase, which is often associated with plant stress conditions, may be important in physiologic resistance. It is doubtful that any one mechanism of action exists. It is important that we understand the mechanism of ozone injury and resistance in plants, so that we can determine better what chemicals may play a role in protecting plants against oxidants. 

One of the most potent and physiologically irreversible mechanisms of antibiotic resistance is via chemical destruction of the antibiotic warhead or scaffold. This destruction can occur through several mechanisms, but hydrolytic approaches predominate (Fig. 4). Resistance to the highly important fS-lactam antibiotics by fi-lactamases is the archetype of this class. The fS-lactams include the natural product penicifhn and cephalos... 

The major difference between OPs and carbamates is in their metabolic fate. This strongly indicates that metabolism and detoxification are the most important factors in resistance evolution. The current emphasis on target site interactions and their associated resistance mechanisms reflects their perceived practical importance, the importance of their study for the development of new insecticidal molecules, and the fundability of such research. But detailed studies of the biochemical characteristics and physiological behavior of the enzymes involved in insecticide metabolism and detoxification are still very important. 

There are two dynamic effects that must be accounted for to accurately model the physiological control mechanism. First, the change in peripheral resistance is delayed. This represents a delay from the time that the flow changes to when the vascular smooth muscle activity actually initiates the process of correcting the flow. This time delay in the change of peripheral resistance is denoted tq. To account for this effect, the change in peripheral resistance determined from the steady value was written as ARs(t — tq). 

It must be noted that physiological resistance of biofilms to oxidising biocides is much less pronounced than for non-oxidising biocides. Combinations of both oxidising and non-oxidising biocides in one treatment help to offset the physiological resistance of biofilms because of their dual mechanism of action [35]. 

Physiology of Acetobacter and Komagataeibacter spp. Acetic Acid Resistance Mechanism in Acetic Acid Fermentation... 

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